TYPE ROWCOL NAME UCS/ARABIC SRC_ZONE 0x0000-0xFB02 OOB_MODE INVALID DST_INVALID 0x100 DST_UNIT_BITS 16 BEGIN_MAP #======================================================================= # File name: ARABIC.TXT # # Contents: Map (external version) from Mac OS Arabic # character set to Unicode 2.1 and later. # # Copyright: (c) 1994-2002, 2005 by Apple Computer, Inc., all rights # reserved. # # Contact: charsets@apple.com # # Changes: # # c02 2005-Apr-04 Update header comments. Matches internal xml # and Text Encoding Converter 2.0. # b3,c1 2002-Dec-19 Add comments about character display and # direction overrides. Update URLs, notes. # Matches internal utom. # b02 1999-Sep-22 Update contact e-mail address. Matches # internal utom, ufrm, and Text # Encoding Converter version 1.5. # n10 1998-Feb-05 Show required Unicode character # directionality in a different way. Matches # internal utom, ufrm, and Text # Encoding Converter version 1.3. Update # header comments; include information on # loose mapping of digits. # n07 1997-Jul-17 Update to match internal utom, ufrm: # Change standard mapping for 0xC0 from U+066D # to U+274A. Add direction overrides to # mappings for 0x25, 0x2C, 0x3B, 0x3F. Add # information on variants. # n03 1995-Apr-18 First version (after fixing some typos). # Matches internal ufrm. # # Standard header: # ---------------- # # Apple, the Apple logo, and Macintosh are trademarks of Apple # Computer, Inc., registered in the United States and other countries. # Unicode is a trademark of Unicode Inc. For the sake of brevity, # throughout this document, "Macintosh" can be used to refer to # Macintosh computers and "Unicode" can be used to refer to the # Unicode standard. # # Apple Computer, Inc. ("Apple") makes no warranty or representation, # either express or implied, with respect to this document and the # included data, its quality, accuracy, or fitness for a particular # purpose. In no event will Apple be liable for direct, indirect, # special, incidental, or consequential damages resulting from any # defect or inaccuracy in this document or the included data. # # These mapping tables and character lists are subject to change. # The latest tables should be available from the following: # # # # For general information about Mac OS encodings and these mapping # tables, see the file "README.TXT". # # Format: # ------- # # Three tab-separated columns; # '#' begins a comment which continues to the end of the line. # Column #1 is the Mac OS Arabic code (in hex as 0xNN). # Column #2 is the corresponding Unicode (in hex as 0xNNNN), # possibly preceded by a tag indicating required directionality # (i.e. +0xNNNN or +0xNNNN). # Column #3 is a comment containing the Unicode name. # # The entries are in Mac OS Arabic code order. # # Control character mappings are not shown in this table, following # the conventions of the standard UTC mapping tables. However, the # Mac OS Arabic character set uses the standard control characters at # 0x00-0x1F and 0x7F. # # Notes on Mac OS Arabic: # ----------------------- # # This is a legacy Mac OS encoding; in the Mac OS X Carbon and Cocoa # environments, it is only supported via transcoding to and from # Unicode. # # 1. General # # The Mac OS Arabic character set is intended to cover Arabic as # used in North Africa, the Arabian peninsula, and the Levant. It # also contains several characters needed for Urdu and/or Farsi. # # The Mac OS Arabic character set is essentially a superset of ISO # 8859-6. The 8859-6 code points that are interpreted differently # in the Mac OS Arabic set are as follows: # 0xA0 is NO-BREAK SPACE in 8859-6 and right-left SPACE in Mac OS # Arabic; NO-BREAK is 0x81 in Mac OS Arabic. # 0xA4 is CURRENCY SIGN in 8859-6 and right-left DOLLAR SIGN in # Mac OS Arabic. # 0xAD is SOFT HYPHEN in 8859-6 and right-left HYPHEN-MINUS in # Mac OS Arabic. # ISO 8859-6 specifies that codes 0x30-0x39 can be rendered either # with European digit shapes or Arabic digit shapes. This is also # true in Mac OS Arabic, which determines from context which digit # shapes to use (see below). # # The Mac OS Arabic character set uses the C1 controls area and other # code points which are undefined in ISO 8859-6 for additional # graphic characters: additional Arabic letters for Farsi and Urdu, # some accented Roman letters for European languages (such as French), # and duplicates of some of the punctuation, symbols, and digits in # the ASCII block. The duplicate punctuation, symbol, and digit # characters have right-left directionality, while the ASCII versions # have left-right directionality. See the next section for more # information on this. # # Mac OS Arabic characters 0xEB-0xF2 are non-spacing/combining marks. # # 2. Directional characters and roundtrip fidelity # # The Mac OS Arabic character set was developed in 1986-1987. At that # time the bidirectional line layout algorithm used in the Mac OS # Arabic system was fairly simple; it used only a few direction # classes (instead of the 19 now used in the Unicode bidirectional # algorithm). In order to permit users to handle some tricky layout # problems, certain punctuation and symbol characters were encoded # twice, one with a left-right direction attribute and the other with # a right-left direction attribute. # # For example, plus sign is encoded at 0x2B with a left-right # attribute, and at 0xAB with a right-left attribute. However, there # is only one PLUS SIGN character in Unicode. This leads to some # interesting problems when mapping between Mac OS Arabic and Unicode; # see below. # # A related problem is that even when a particular character is # encoded only once in Mac OS Arabic, it may have a different # direction attribute than the corresponding Unicode character. # # For example, the Mac OS Arabic character at 0x93 is HORIZONTAL # ELLIPSIS with strong right-left direction. However, the Unicode # character HORIZONTAL ELLIPSIS has direction class neutral. # # 3. Behavior of ASCII-range numbers in WorldScript # # Mac OS Arabic also has two sets of digit codes. # # The digits at 0x30-0x39 may be displayed using either European # digit forms or Arabic digit forms, depending on context. If there # is a "strong European" character such as a Latin letter on either # side of a sequence consisting of digits 0x30-0x39 and possibly comma # 0x2C or period 0x2E, then the characters will be displayed using # European forms (This will happen even if there are neutral characters # between the digits and the strong European character). Otherwise, the # digits will be displayed using Arabic forms, the comma will be # displayed as Arabic thousands separator, and the period as Arabic # decimal separator. In any case, 0x2C, 0x2E, and 0x30-0x39 are always # left-right. # # The digits at 0xB0-0xB9 are always displayed using Arabic digit # shapes, and moreover, these digits always have strong right-left # directionality. These are mainly intended for special layout # purposes such as part numbers, etc. # # 4. Font variants # # The table in this file gives the Unicode mappings for the standard # Mac OS Arabic encoding. This encoding is supported by the Cairo font # (the system font for Arabic), and is the encoding supported by the # text processing utilities. However, the other Arabic fonts actually # implement slightly different encodings; this mainly affects the code # points 0xAA and 0xC0. For these code points the standard Mac OS # Arabic encoding has the following mappings: # 0xAA -> +0x002A ASTERISK, right-left # 0xC0 -> +0x274A EIGHT TEARDROP-SPOKED PROPELLER ASTERISK, # right-left # This mapping of 0xAA is consistent with the normal convention for # Mac OS Arabic and Hebrew that the right-left duplicates have codes # that are equal to the ASCII code of the left-right character plus # 0x80. However, in all of the other fonts, 0xAA is MULTIPLY SIGN, and # right-left ASTERISK may be at a different code point. The other # variants are described below. # # The TrueType variant is used for most of the Arabic TrueType fonts: # Baghdad, Geeza, Kufi, Nadeem. It differs from the standard variant # in the following way: # 0xAA -> +0x00D7 MULTIPLICATION SIGN, right-left # 0xC0 -> +0x002A ASTERISK, right-left # # The Thuluth variant is used for the Arabic Postscript-only fonts: # Thuluth and Thuluth bold. It differs from the standard variant in # the following way: # 0xAA -> +0x00D7 MULTIPLICATION SIGN, right-left # 0xC0 -> 0x066D ARABIC FIVE POINTED STAR # # The AlBayan variant is used for the Arabic TrueType font Al Bayan. # It differs from the standard variant in the following way: # 0x81 -> no mapping (glyph just has authorship information, etc.) # 0xA3 -> 0xFDFA ARABIC LIGATURE SALLALLAHOU ALAYHE WASALLAM # 0xA4 -> 0xFDF2 ARABIC LIGATURE ALLAH ISOLATED FORM # 0xAA -> +0x00D7 MULTIPLICATION SIGN, right-left # 0xDC -> +0x25CF BLACK CIRCLE, right-left # 0xFC -> +0x25A0 BLACK SQUARE, right-left # # Unicode mapping issues and notes: # --------------------------------- # # 1. Matching the direction of Mac OS Arabic characters # # When Mac OS Arabic encodes a character twice but with different # direction attributes for the two code points - as in the case of # plus sign mentioned above - we need a way to map both Mac OS Arabic # code points to Unicode and back again without loss of information. # With the plus sign, for example, mapping one of the Mac OS Arabic # characters to a code in the Unicode corporate use zone is # undesirable, since both of the plus sign characters are likely to # be used in text that is interchanged. # # The problem is solved with the use of direction override characters # and direction-dependent mappings. When mapping from Mac OS Arabic # to Unicode, we use direction overrides as necessary to force the # direction of the resulting Unicode characters. # # The required direction is indicated by a direction tag in the # mappings. A tag of means the corresponding Unicode character # must have a strong left-right context, and a tag of indicates # a right-left context. # # For example, the mapping of 0x2B is given as +0x002B; the # mapping of 0xAB is given as +0x002B. If we map an isolated # instance of 0x2B to Unicode, it should be mapped as follows (LRO # indicates LEFT-RIGHT OVERRIDE, PDF indicates POP DIRECTION # FORMATTING): # # 0x2B -> 0x202D (LRO) + 0x002B (PLUS SIGN) + 0x202C (PDF) # # When mapping several characters in a row that require direction # forcing, the overrides need only be used at the beginning and end. # For example: # # 0x24 0x20 0x28 0x29 -> 0x202D 0x0024 0x0020 0x0028 0x0029 0x202C # # If neutral characters that require direction forcing are already # between strong-direction characters with matching directionality, # then direction overrides need not be used. Direction overrides are # always needed to map the right-left digits at 0xB0-0xB9. # # When mapping from Unicode to Mac OS Arabic, the Unicode # bidirectional algorithm should be used to determine resolved # direction of the Unicode characters. The mapping from Unicode to # Mac OS Arabic can then be disambiguated by the use of the resolved # direction: # # Unicode 0x002B -> Mac OS Arabic 0x2B (if L) or 0xAB (if R) # # However, this also means the direction override characters should # be discarded when mapping from Unicode to Mac OS Arabic (after # they have been used to determine resolved direction), since the # direction override information is carried by the code point itself. # # Even when direction overrides are not needed for roundtrip # fidelity, they are sometimes used when mapping Mac OS Arabic # characters to Unicode in order to achieve similar text layout with # the resulting Unicode text. For example, the single Mac OS Arabic # ellipsis character has direction class right-left,and there is no # left-right version. However, the Unicode HORIZONTAL ELLIPSIS # character has direction class neutral (which means it may end up # with a resolved direction of left-right if surrounded by left-right # characters). When mapping the Mac OS Arabic ellipsis to Unicode, it # is surrounded with a direction override to help preserve proper # text layout. The resolved direction is not needed or used when # mapping the Unicode HORIZONTAL ELLIPSIS back to Mac OS Arabic. # # 2. Mapping the Mac OS Arabic digits # # The main table below contains mappings that should be used when # strict round-trip fidelity is required. However, for numeric # values, the mappings in that table will produce Unicode characters # that may appear different than the Mac OS Arabic text displayed on # a Mac OS system using WorldScript. This is because WorldScript # uses context-dependent display for the 0x30-0x39 digits. # # If roundtrip fidelity is not required, then the following # alternate mappings should be used when a sequence of 0x30-0x39 # digits - possibly including 0x2C and 0x2E - occurs in an Arabic # context (that is, when the first "strong" character on either side # of the digit sequence is Arabic, or there is no strong character): # # 0x2C 0x066C # ARABIC THOUSANDS SEPARATOR # 0x2E 0x066B # ARABIC DECIMAL SEPARATOR # 0x30 0x0660 # ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT ZERO # 0x31 0x0661 # ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT ONE # 0x32 0x0662 # ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT TWO # 0x33 0x0663 # ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT THREE # 0x34 0x0664 # ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT FOUR # 0x35 0x0665 # ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT FIVE # 0x36 0x0666 # ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT SIX # 0x37 0x0667 # ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT SEVEN # 0x38 0x0668 # ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT EIGHT # 0x39 0x0669 # ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT NINE # # Details of mapping changes in each version: # ------------------------------------------- # # Changes from version n03 to version n07: # # - Change mapping for 0xC0 from U+066D to U+274A. # # - Add direction overrides (required directionality) to mappings # for 0x25, 0x2C, 0x3B, 0x3F. # ################## 0x0000 - 0x007F = 0x00 - 0x00A0 = 0x81 0x00AB = 0x8C 0x00BB = 0x98 0x00C4 = 0x80 0x00C7 = 0x82 0x00C9 = 0x83 0x00D1 = 0x84 0x00D6 = 0x85 0x00DC = 0x86 0x00E0 = 0x88 0x00E1 = 0x87 0x00E2 = 0x89 0x00E4 = 0x8A 0x00E7 = 0x8D 0x00E8 = 0x8F 0x00E9 = 0x8E 0x00EA = 0x90 0x00EB = 0x91 0x00ED = 0x92 0x00EE = 0x94 0x00EF = 0x95 0x00F1 = 0x96 0x00F3 = 0x97 0x00F4 = 0x99 0x00F6 = 0x9A 0x00F7 = 0x9B 0x00F9 = 0x9D 0x00FA = 0x9C 0x00FB = 0x9E 0x00FC = 0x9F 0x060C = 0xAC 0x061B = 0xBB 0x061F = 0xBF 0x0621 = 0xC1 0x0622 = 0xC2 0x0623 = 0xC3 0x0624 = 0xC4 0x0625 = 0xC5 0x0626 = 0xC6 0x0627 = 0xC7 0x0628 = 0xC8 0x0629 = 0xC9 0x062A = 0xCA 0x062B = 0xCB 0x062C = 0xCC 0x062D = 0xCD 0x062E = 0xCE 0x062F = 0xCF 0x0630 = 0xD0 0x0631 = 0xD1 0x0632 = 0xD2 0x0633 = 0xD3 0x0634 = 0xD4 0x0635 = 0xD5 0x0636 = 0xD6 0x0637 = 0xD7 0x0638 = 0xD8 0x0639 = 0xD9 0x063A = 0xDA 0x0640 = 0xE0 0x0641 = 0xE1 0x0642 = 0xE2 0x0643 = 0xE3 0x0644 = 0xE4 0x0645 = 0xE5 0x0646 = 0xE6 0x0647 = 0xE7 0x0648 = 0xE8 0x0649 = 0xE9 0x064A = 0xEA 0x064B = 0xEB 0x064C = 0xEC 0x064D = 0xED 0x064E = 0xEE 0x064F = 0xEF 0x0650 = 0xF0 0x0651 = 0xF1 0x0652 = 0xF2 0x0660 = 0xB0 0x0661 = 0xB1 0x0662 = 0xB2 0x0663 = 0xB3 0x0664 = 0xB4 0x0665 = 0xB5 0x0666 = 0xB6 0x0667 = 0xB7 0x0668 = 0xB8 0x0669 = 0xB9 0x066A = 0xA5 0x066D = 0xC0 0x0679 = 0xF4 0x067E = 0xF3 0x0686 = 0xF5 0x0688 = 0xF9 0x0691 = 0xFA 0x0698 = 0xFE 0x06A4 = 0xF7 0x06AF = 0xF8 0x06BA = 0x8B 0x06D2 = 0xFF 0x06D5 = 0xF6 0x2026 = 0x93 0x274A = 0xC0 END_MAP