# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE # Copyright (C) YEAR The FreeBSD Project # This file is distributed under the same license as the FreeBSD Documentation package. # Fernando Apesteguía , 2021, 2022, 2023. msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: FreeBSD Documentation VERSION\n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2022-02-01 09:21-0300\n" "PO-Revision-Date: 2023-01-03 19:00+0000\n" "Last-Translator: Fernando Apesteguía \n" "Language-Team: Spanish \n" "Language: es\n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" "Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=n != 1;\n" "X-Generator: Weblate 4.10.1\n" #. type: YAML Front Matter: description #: documentation/content/en/articles/remote-install/_index.adoc:1 #, no-wrap msgid "Describes the remote installation of the FreeBSD operating system when the console of the remote system is unavailable" msgstr "" "Describe la instalación remota del sistema operativo FreeBSD cuando la " "consola del sistema remoto no está disponible" #. type: Title = #: documentation/content/en/articles/remote-install/_index.adoc:1 #: documentation/content/en/articles/remote-install/_index.adoc:12 #, no-wrap msgid "Remote Installation of the FreeBSD Operating System Without a Remote Console" msgstr "Instalación remota del sistema operativo FreeBSD sin una consola remota" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/remote-install/_index.adoc:45 msgid "Abstract" msgstr "Resumen" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/remote-install/_index.adoc:48 msgid "" "This article documents the remote installation of the FreeBSD operating " "system when the console of the remote system is unavailable. The main idea " "behind this article is the result of a collaboration with `{mm}` with " "valuable input provided by `{pjd}`." msgstr "" "Este artículo documenta la instalación remota del sistema operativo FreeBSD " "cuando la consola del sistema remoto no está disponible. La idea principal " "de este artículo es el resultado de una colaboración con `{mm}` con " "información valiosa proporcionada por `{pjd}`." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/remote-install/_index.adoc:50 msgid "'''" msgstr "'''" #. type: Title == #: documentation/content/en/articles/remote-install/_index.adoc:54 #, no-wrap msgid "Background" msgstr "Antecedentes" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/remote-install/_index.adoc:58 msgid "" "There are many server hosting providers in the world, but very few of them " "are officially supporting FreeBSD. They usually provide support for a " "Linux(R) distribution to be installed on the servers they offer." msgstr "" "Hay muchos proveedores de alojamiento en el mundo, pero pocos de ellos " "proporcionan soporte oficial de FreeBSD. Normalmente proporcionan una " "distribución Linux(R) para ser instalada en los servidores que ofrecen." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/remote-install/_index.adoc:62 msgid "" "In some cases, these companies will install your preferred Linux(R) " "distribution if you request it. Using this option, we will attempt to " "install FreeBSD. In other cases, they may offer a rescue system which would " "be used in an emergency. It is possible to use this for our purposes as " "well." msgstr "" "En algunos casos, estas compañías instalarán tu distribución Linux(R) " "favorita si lo pides. Usando esta opción, intentaremos instalar FreeBSD. En " "otros casos, podrían ofrecer un sistema de rescate que se podría usar en una " "emergencia. Es posible usar esto también para nuestros propósitos." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/remote-install/_index.adoc:64 msgid "" "This article covers the basic installation and configuration steps required " "to bootstrap a remote installation of FreeBSD with RAID-1 and ZFS " "capabilities." msgstr "" "Este artículo cubre los pasos básicos de instalación y configuración que se " "necesitan para lanzar una instalación remota de FreeBSD con capacidades RAID-" "1 y ZFS." #. type: Title == #: documentation/content/en/articles/remote-install/_index.adoc:66 #, no-wrap msgid "Introduction" msgstr "Introducción" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/remote-install/_index.adoc:70 msgid "" "This section will summarize the purpose of this article and better explain " "what is covered herein. The instructions included in this article will " "benefit those using services provided by colocation facilities not " "supporting FreeBSD." msgstr "" "Esta sección resumirá el propósito del artículo y explicará mejor lo que se " "trata en este documento. Las instrucciones incluidas beneficiarán a quienes " "utilicen los servicios proporcionados por las instalaciones de colocación de " "servidores que no admiten FreeBSD." #. type: delimited block = 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/remote-install/_index.adoc:74 msgid "" "As we have mentioned in the <> section, many of the reputable " "server hosting companies provide some kind of rescue system, which is booted " "from their LAN and accessible over SSH. They usually provide this support in " "order to help their customers fix broken operating systems. As this article " "will explain, it is possible to install FreeBSD with the help of these " "rescue systems." msgstr "" "Como hemos mencionado en la sección <>, muchas de las compañías " "reputadas de hospedaje de servidores proporcionan alguna clase de sistema de " "rescate, el cual es arrancado desde su LAN y es accesible mediante SSH. " "Normalmente proporcionan este soporte para ayudar a sus clientes a arreglar " "sus sistemas operativos rotos. Como explicará este artículo, es posible " "instalar FreeBSD con la ayuda de estos sistemas de rescate." #. type: delimited block = 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/remote-install/_index.adoc:76 msgid "" "The next section of this article will describe how to configure, and build " "minimalistic FreeBSD on the local machine. That version will eventually be " "running on the remote machine from a ramdisk, which will allow us to install " "a complete FreeBSD operating system from an FTP mirror using the sysinstall " "utility." msgstr "" "La próxima sección de este articulo describirá cómo configurar y construir " "un sistema FreeBSD minimalista en la máquina local. Esa versión " "eventualmente se ejecutará en la máquina remota desde un ramdisk, lo que nos " "permitirá instalar un sistema operativo FreeBSD completo desde un mirror FTP " "usando la utilidad sysinstall." #. type: delimited block = 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/remote-install/_index.adoc:77 msgid "" "The rest of this article will describe the installation procedure itself, as " "well as the configuration of the ZFS file system." msgstr "" "El resto de este artículo describirá el procedimiento de instalación en sí " "mismo, así como la configuración del sistema de ficheros ZFS." #. type: Title === #: documentation/content/en/articles/remote-install/_index.adoc:80 #, no-wrap msgid "Requirements" msgstr "Requisitos" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/remote-install/_index.adoc:83 msgid "To continue successfully, you must:" msgstr "Para continuar con éxito, debes:" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/remote-install/_index.adoc:85 msgid "Have a network accessible operating system with SSH access" msgstr "Tener acceso a un sistema operativo con acceso a red y SSH" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/remote-install/_index.adoc:86 msgid "Understand the FreeBSD installation process" msgstr "Entender el proceso de instalación de FreeBSD" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/remote-install/_index.adoc:87 msgid "Be familiar with the man:sysinstall[8] utility" msgstr "Familiarizarte con la utilidad man:sysinstall[8]" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/remote-install/_index.adoc:88 msgid "Have the FreeBSD installation SO image or CD handy" msgstr "Tener a mano un CD o imagen ISO de instalación de FreeBSD" #. type: Title == #: documentation/content/en/articles/remote-install/_index.adoc:90 #, no-wrap msgid "Preparation - mfsBSD" msgstr "Preparación - mfsBSD" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/remote-install/_index.adoc:94 msgid "" "Before FreeBSD may be installed on the target system, it is necessary to " "build the minimal FreeBSD operating system image which will boot from the " "hard drive. This way the new system can be accessed from the network, and " "the rest of the installation can be done without remote access to the system " "console." msgstr "" "Antes de poder instalar FreeBSD en el sistema de destino, es necesario crear " "la imagen mínima de FreeBSD que se iniciará desde el disco duro. De esta " "manera, se puede acceder al nuevo sistema desde la red, y el resto de la " "instalación se puede hacer sin acceso remoto a la consola del sistema." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/remote-install/_index.adoc:99 msgid "" "The mfsBSD tool-set can be used to build a tiny FreeBSD image. As the name " "of mfsBSD suggests (\"mfs\" means \"memory file system\"), the resulting " "image runs entirely from a ramdisk. Thanks to this feature, the " "manipulation of hard drives will not be limited, therefore it will be " "possible to install a complete FreeBSD operating system. The mfsBSD http://" "mfsbsd.vx.sk/[home page] includes pointers to the latest release of the " "toolset." msgstr "" "El conjunto de herramientas msfBS se puede utilizar para construir una " "imagen FreeBSD diminuta. Como el nombre de msfBSD sugiere (\"mfs\" significa " "\"memory file system\"), la imagen resultante se ejecuta completamente desde " "un ramdisk. Gracias a esta característica, la manipulación de discos duros " "no está limitada, por lo tanto será posible instalar un sistema operativo " "FreeBSD completo. La http://mfsbsd.vx.sk/[página del proyecto] mfsBSD " "incluye enlaces a la última release de la herramienta." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/remote-install/_index.adoc:102 msgid "" "Please note that the internals of mfsBSD and how it all fits together is " "beyond the scope of this article. The interested reader should consult the " "original documentation of mfsBSD for more details." msgstr "" "Por favor, ten en cuenta que el funcionamiento interno de mfsBSD y cómo " "encaja todo junto está fuera del alcance de este artículo. El lector que " "esté interesado debería consultar la documentación original de mfsBSD para " "más detalles." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/remote-install/_index.adoc:104 msgid "" "Download and extract the latest mfsBSD release and change your working " "directory to the directory where the mfsBSD scripts will reside:" msgstr "" "Descarga y extrae la última versión de mfsBSD y cambia tu directorio de " "trabajo al directorio donde residirán los scripts de mfsBSD:" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/remote-install/_index.adoc:110 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# fetch http://mfsbsd.vx.sk/release/mfsbsd-2.1.tar.gz\n" "# tar xvzf mfsbsd-2.1.tar.gz\n" "# cd mfsbsd-2.1/\n" msgstr "" "# fetch http://mfsbsd.vx.sk/release/mfsbsd-2.1.tar.gz\n" "# tar xvzf mfsbsd-2.1.tar.gz\n" "# cd mfsbsd-2.1/\n" #. type: Title === #: documentation/content/en/articles/remote-install/_index.adoc:113 #, no-wrap msgid "Configuration of mfsBSD" msgstr "Configuración de mfsBSD" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/remote-install/_index.adoc:119 msgid "" "Before booting mfsBSD, a few important configuration options have to be " "set. The most important that we have to get right is, naturally, the " "network setup. The most suitable method to configure networking options " "depends on whether we know beforehand the type of the network interface we " "will use, and the network interface driver to be loaded for our hardware. " "We will see how mfsBSD can be configured in either case." msgstr "" "Antes de iniciar mfsBSD, deben establecerse algunas opciones de " "configuración importantes. Lo más importante que tenemos que hacer bien es, " "naturalmente, la configuración de red. El método más adecuado para " "configurar las opciones de red dependerá de si conocemos previamente el tipo " "de interfaz de red que usaremos, y el controlador de red que se cargará para " "nuestro hardware. Veremos cómo se puede configurar mfsBSD en cualquier caso." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/remote-install/_index.adoc:123 msgid "" "Another important thing to set is the `root` password. This can be done by " "editing [.filename]#conf/loader.conf#. Please see the included comments." msgstr "" "Otra cosa importante que configurar es la contraseña de `root`. Esto se " "puede hacer editando [.filename]#conf/loader.conf#. Por favor, lee los " "comentarios que ahí se incluyen." #. type: Title ==== #: documentation/content/en/articles/remote-install/_index.adoc:124 #, no-wrap msgid "The [.filename]#conf/interfaces.conf# method" msgstr "El método [.filename]#conf/interfaces.conf#" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/remote-install/_index.adoc:128 msgid "" "When the installed network interface card is unknown, it is possible to use " "the auto-detection features of mfsBSD. The startup scripts of mfsBSD can " "detect the correct driver to use, based on the MAC address of the interface, " "if we set the following options in [.filename]#conf/interfaces.conf#:" msgstr "" "Cuando se desconoce la tarjeta de red instalada, es posible utilizar las " "funciones de detección automática de mfsBSD. Los scripts de inicio de mfsBSD " "pueden detectar el controlador correcto, según la dirección MAC de la " "interfaz, si configuramos las siguientes opciones en [.filename]#conf/" "interfaces.conf#:" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/remote-install/_index.adoc:134 #, no-wrap msgid "" "mac_interfaces=\"ext1\"\n" "ifconfig_ext1_mac=\"00:00:00:00:00:00\"\n" "ifconfig_ext1=\"inet 192.168.0.2/24\"\n" msgstr "" "mac_interfaces=\"ext1\"\n" "ifconfig_ext1_mac=\"00:00:00:00:00:00\"\n" "ifconfig_ext1=\"inet 192.168.0.2/24\"\n" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/remote-install/_index.adoc:137 msgid "" "Do not forget to add the `defaultrouter` information to [.filename]#conf/rc." "conf#:" msgstr "" "No te olvides de añadir la información `defaultrouter` a [.filename]#conf/rc." "conf#:" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/remote-install/_index.adoc:141 #, no-wrap msgid "defaultrouter=\"192.168.0.1\"\n" msgstr "defaultrouter=\"192.168.0.1\"\n" #. type: Title ==== #: documentation/content/en/articles/remote-install/_index.adoc:143 #, no-wrap msgid "The [.filename]#conf/rc.conf# Method" msgstr "El método [.filename]#conf/rc.conf#" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/remote-install/_index.adoc:147 msgid "" "When the network interface driver is known, it is more convenient to use [." "filename]#conf/rc.conf# for networking options. The syntax of this file is " "the same as the one used in the standard man:rc.conf[5] file of FreeBSD." msgstr "" "Cuando el interfaz de red es conocido, es más conveniente utilizar [." "filename]#conf/rc.conf# para las opciones de red. La sintaxis de este " "fichero es la misma que la usada en el fichero estándar man:rc.conf[5] de " "FreeBSD." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/remote-install/_index.adoc:149 msgid "" "For example, if you know that a man:re[4] network interface is going to be " "available, you can set the following options in [.filename]#conf/rc.conf#:" msgstr "" "Por ejemplo, si sabes que la interfaz de red man:re[4] va a estar " "disponible, puedes establecer las siguientes opciones en [.filename]#conf/rc." "conf#:" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/remote-install/_index.adoc:154 #, no-wrap msgid "" "defaultrouter=\"192.168.0.1\"\n" "ifconfig_re0=\"inet 192.168.0.2/24\"\n" msgstr "" "defaultrouter=\"192.168.0.1\"\n" "ifconfig_re0=\"inet 192.168.0.2/24\"\n" #. type: Title === #: documentation/content/en/articles/remote-install/_index.adoc:157 #, no-wrap msgid "Building an mfsBSD Image" msgstr "Construyendo una Imagen de mfsBSD" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/remote-install/_index.adoc:160 msgid "The process of building an mfsBSD image is pretty straightforward." msgstr "El proceso de construir una imagen mfsBSD es bastante directo." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/remote-install/_index.adoc:164 msgid "" "The first step is to mount the FreeBSD installation CD, or the installation " "ISO image to [.filename]#/cdrom#. For the sake of example, in this article " "we will assume that you have downloaded the FreeBSD 10.1-RELEASE ISO. " "Mounting this ISO image to the [.filename]#/cdrom# directory is easy with " "the man:mdconfig[8] utility:" msgstr "" "El primer paso es montar el CD de instalación de FreeBSD, o la imagen de " "instalación ISO en [.filename]#/cdrom#. Para el bien del ejemplo, en este " "artículo asumiremos que has descargado la ISO 10.1-RELEASE de FreeBSD. " "Montar esta imagen ISO en el directorio [.filename]#/cdrom# es fácil con la " "utilidad man:mdconfig[8]:" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/remote-install/_index.adoc:169 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# mdconfig -a -t vnode -u 10 -f FreeBSD-10.1-RELEASE-amd64-disc1.iso\n" "# mount_cd9660 /dev/md10 /cdrom\n" msgstr "" "# mdconfig -a -t vnode -u 10 -f FreeBSD-10.1-RELEASE-amd64-disc1.iso\n" "# mount_cd9660 /dev/md10 /cdrom\n" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/remote-install/_index.adoc:172 msgid "" "Since the recent FreeBSD releases do not contain regular distribution sets, " "it is required to extract the FreeBSD distribution files from the " "distribution archives located on the ISO image:" msgstr "" "Puesto que las versiones recientes de FreeBSD no contienen los conjuntos de " "distribución regulares, es necesario extraer los ficheros de la distribución " "desde los archivos que se encuentran en la imagen ISO:" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/remote-install/_index.adoc:178 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# mkdir DIST\n" "# tar -xvf /cdrom/usr/freebsd-dist/base.txz -C DIST\n" "# tar -xvf /cdrom/usr/freebsd-dist/kernel.txz -C DIST\n" msgstr "" "# mkdir DIST\n" "# tar -xvf /cdrom/usr/freebsd-dist/base.txz -C DIST\n" "# tar -xvf /cdrom/usr/freebsd-dist/kernel.txz -C DIST\n" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/remote-install/_index.adoc:181 msgid "Next, build the bootable mfsBSD image:" msgstr "Desués, construye la imagen arrancable de mfsBSD:" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/remote-install/_index.adoc:185 #, no-wrap msgid "# make BASE=DIST\n" msgstr "# make BASE=DIST\n" #. type: delimited block = 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/remote-install/_index.adoc:190 msgid "" "The above `make` has to be run from the top level of the mfsBSD directory " "tree, for example [.filename]#~/mfsbsd-2.1/#." msgstr "" "El `make` anterior se tiene que ejecutar desde el directorio raíz del árbol " "de directorios de mfsBSD, por ejemplo [.filename]#~/mfsbsd-2.1/#." #. type: Title === #: documentation/content/en/articles/remote-install/_index.adoc:192 #, no-wrap msgid "Booting mfsBSD" msgstr "Arrancando mfsBSD" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/remote-install/_index.adoc:196 msgid "" "Now that the mfsBSD image is ready, it must be uploaded to the remote system " "running a live rescue system or pre-installed Linux(R) distribution. The " "most suitable tool for this task is scp:" msgstr "" "Ahora que la imagen mfsBSD está lista, se debe subir al sistema remoto " "ejecutando un sistema de rescate o una distribución de Linux(R) pre-" "instalada. La mejor herramienta para esta tarea es scp:" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/remote-install/_index.adoc:200 #, no-wrap msgid "# scp disk.img root@192.168.0.2:.\n" msgstr "# scp disk.img root@192.168.0.2:.\n" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/remote-install/_index.adoc:204 msgid "" "To boot mfsBSD image properly, it must be placed on the first (bootable) " "device of the given machine. This may be accomplished using this example " "providing that [.filename]#sda# is the first bootable disk device:" msgstr "" "Para arrancar la imagen mfsBSD de forma apropiada, se tiene que situar en la " "primera unidad (arrancable) de la máquina. Esto se puede conseguir " "utilizando el siguiente ejemplo asumiendo que [.filename]#sda# es la primera " "unidad de disco arrancable:" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/remote-install/_index.adoc:208 #, no-wrap msgid "# dd if=/root/disk.img of=/dev/sda bs=1m\n" msgstr "# dd if=/root/disk.img of=/dev/sda bs=1m\n" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/remote-install/_index.adoc:213 msgid "" "If all went well, the image should now be in the MBR of the first device and " "the machine can be rebooted. Watch for the machine to boot up properly with " "the man:ping[8] tool. Once it has came back on-line, it should be possible " "to access it over man:ssh[1] as user `root` with the configured password." msgstr "" "Si todo fue bien, la imagen debería estar ahora en el MBR de la primera " "unidad y la máquina se puede reiniciar. Controla que la máquina arranca " "correctamente con la herramienta man:ping[8]. Una vez que esté on-line, " "debería ser posible acceder a ella con man:ssh[1] como usuario `root` con la " "contraseña configurada." #. type: Title == #: documentation/content/en/articles/remote-install/_index.adoc:215 #, no-wrap msgid "Installation of the FreeBSD Operating System" msgstr "Instalación del sistema operativo FreeBSD" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/remote-install/_index.adoc:219 msgid "" "The mfsBSD has been successfully booted and it should be possible to log in " "through man:ssh[1]. This section will describe how to create and label " "slices, set up `gmirror` for RAID-1, and how to use `sysinstall` to install " "a minimal distribution of the FreeBSD operating system." msgstr "" "El mfsBSD ha arrancado co éxito y debería ser posible conectarse mediante " "man:ssh[1]. Esta sección describirá cómo crear y etiquetar \"slices\" de " "disco, configurar `gmirror` para RAID-1, y cómo utilizar `sysinstall` para " "instalar una distribución mínima del sistema operativo FreeBSD." #. type: Title === #: documentation/content/en/articles/remote-install/_index.adoc:220 #, no-wrap msgid "Preparation of Hard Drives" msgstr "Preparación de los discos duros" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/remote-install/_index.adoc:225 msgid "" "The first task is to allocate disk space for FreeBSD, i.e.: to create slices " "and partitions. Obviously, the currently running system is fully loaded in " "system memory and therefore there will be no problems with manipulating hard " "drives. To complete this task, it is possible to use either `sysinstall` or " "man:fdisk[8] in conjunction to man:bsdlabel[8]." msgstr "" "La primera tarea es reservar espacio de disco para FreeBSD, es decir: crear " "particiones y \"slices\". Obviamente, el sistema que está actualmente en " "ejecución está cargado completamente en memoria y por lo tanto no habrá " "problemas al manipular los discos duros. Para completar la tarea, es posible " "usar tanto `sysinstall` como man:fdisk[8] junto con man:bsdlabel[8]." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/remote-install/_index.adoc:228 msgid "" "At the start, mark all system disks as empty. Repeat the following command " "for each hard drive:" msgstr "" "Al principio, marca todos los discos del sistema como vacíos. Repite el " "siguiente comando para cada disco duro:" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/remote-install/_index.adoc:232 #, no-wrap msgid "# dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/ad0 count=2\n" msgstr "# dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/ad0 count=2\n" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/remote-install/_index.adoc:240 msgid "" "Next, create slices and label them with your preferred tool. While it is " "considered easier to use `sysinstall`, a powerful and also probably less " "buggy method will be to use standard text-based UNIX(R) tools, such as man:" "fdisk[8] and man:bsdlabel[8], which will also be covered in this section. " "The former option is well documented in the extref:{handbook}[Installing " "FreeBSD, install-steps] chapter of the FreeBSD Handbook. As it was " "mentioned in the introduction, this article will present how to set up a " "system with RAID-1 and ZFS capabilities. Our set up will consist of a small " "man:gmirror[8] mirrored [.filename]#/# (root), [.filename]#/usr# and [." "filename]#/var# dataset, and the rest of the disk space will be allocated " "for a man:zpool[8] mirrored ZFS file system. Please note, that the ZFS file " "system will be configured after the FreeBSD operating system is successfully " "installed and booted." msgstr "" "Después, crea los \"slices\" y etiquétalos con tu herramienta preferida. " "Aunque `sysinstall` es considerada más fácil de usar, un método potente y " "quizás menos propenso a errores será usar herramientas UNIX(R) estándar en " "modo texto, como man:fdisk[8] y man:bsdlabel[8], que se cubrirán también en " "esta sección. La primera opción está bien documentada en el capítulo " "extref:{handbook}[Instalar FreeBSD, install-steps] del FreeBSD Handbook. " "Como se mencionó en la introducción, esta artículo presentará cómo " "configurara un sistema con RAID-1 y capacidades ZFS. Nuestra configuración " "consistirá en un pequeño [.filename]#/# (root), [.filename]#/usr# y [." "filename]#/var# configurado en espejo con man:gmirror[8] y el resto del " "espacio en disco será reservado para un man:zpool[8] en espejo de un sistema " "de ficheros ZFS. Por favor, date cuenta de que el sistema de ficheros ZFS se " "configurará después de que el sistema operativo FreeBSD haya sido instalado " "con éxito y arrancado." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/remote-install/_index.adoc:242 msgid "" "The following example will describe how to create slices and labels, " "initialize man:gmirror[8] on each partition and how to create a UFS2 file " "system in each mirrored partition:" msgstr "" "El siguiente ejemplo describirá cómo crear \"slices\" y etiquetas, " "inicializar man:gmirror[8] en cada partición y cómo crear un sistema de " "ficheros UFS2 en cada partición en espejo:" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/remote-install/_index.adoc:258 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# fdisk -BI /dev/ad0 <.>\n" "# fdisk -BI /dev/ad1\n" "# bsdlabel -wB /dev/ad0s1 <.>\n" "# bsdlabel -wB /dev/ad1s1\n" "# bsdlabel -e /dev/ad0s1 <.>\n" "# bsdlabel /dev/ad0s1 > /tmp/bsdlabel.txt && bsdlabel -R /dev/ad1s1 /tmp/bsdlabel.txt <.>\n" "# gmirror label root /dev/ad[01]s1a <.>\n" "# gmirror label var /dev/ad[01]s1d\n" "# gmirror label usr /dev/ad[01]s1e\n" "# gmirror label -F swap /dev/ad[01]s1b <.>\n" "# newfs /dev/mirror/root <.>\n" "# newfs /dev/mirror/var\n" "# newfs /dev/mirror/usr\n" msgstr "" "# fdisk -BI /dev/ad0 <.>\n" "# fdisk -BI /dev/ad1\n" "# bsdlabel -wB /dev/ad0s1 <.>\n" "# bsdlabel -wB /dev/ad1s1\n" "# bsdlabel -e /dev/ad0s1 <.>\n" "# bsdlabel /dev/ad0s1 > /tmp/bsdlabel.txt && bsdlabel -R /dev/ad1s1 /tmp/" "bsdlabel.txt <.>\n" "# gmirror label root /dev/ad[01]s1a <.>\n" "# gmirror label var /dev/ad[01]s1d\n" "# gmirror label usr /dev/ad[01]s1e\n" "# gmirror label -F swap /dev/ad[01]s1b <.>\n" "# newfs /dev/mirror/root <.>\n" "# newfs /dev/mirror/var\n" "# newfs /dev/mirror/usr\n" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/remote-install/_index.adoc:261 msgid "" "Create a slice covering the entire disk and initialize the boot code " "contained in sector 0 of the given disk. Repeat this command for all hard " "drives in the system." msgstr "" "Crea una slice que use todo el disco e inicializa el boot code del sector 0 " "del disco seleccionado. Repite este comando para todos los discos duros en " "el sistema." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/remote-install/_index.adoc:263 msgid "Write a standard label for each disk including the bootstrap code." msgstr "" "Escribe una etiqueta estándar para cada disco, incluido el código de " "arranque." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/remote-install/_index.adoc:265 msgid "" "Now, manually edit the label of the given disk. Refer to the man:bsdlabel[8] " "manual page in order to find out how to create partitions. Create partitions " "`a` for [.filename]#/# (root) file system, `b` for swap, `d` for [." "filename]#/var#, `e` for [.filename]#/usr# and finally `f` which will later " "be used for ZFS." msgstr "" "Ahora edita manualmente la etiqueta del disco. Lee la página de manual de " "man:bsdlabel[8] para averiguar cómo crear particiones. Crea particiones `a` " "para el sistema de ficheros [.filename]#/# (root), `b` para swap, `d` para [." "filename]#/var#, `e` para [.filename]#/usr# y finalmente `f` para ser usada " "más tarde por ZFS." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/remote-install/_index.adoc:267 msgid "" "Import the recently created label for the second hard drive, so both hard " "drives will be labeled in the same way." msgstr "" "Importa la etiqueta creada recientemente para el segundo disco duro, de " "forma que los dos discos estén etiquetados de la misma forma." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/remote-install/_index.adoc:269 msgid "Initialize man:gmirror[8] on each partition." msgstr "Inicializa man:gmirror[8] en cada partición." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/remote-install/_index.adoc:271 msgid "" "Note that `-F` is used for the swap partition. This instructs man:gmirror[8] " "to assume that the device is in the consistent state after the power/system " "failure." msgstr "" "Ten en cuenta que se utiliza `-F` para la partición swap. Esto indica a " "man:gmirror[8] que asuma que el dispositivo estará en un estado consistente " "después de un error del sistema/fuente de energía." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/remote-install/_index.adoc:273 msgid "Create a UFS2 file system on each mirrored partition." msgstr "Crea un sistema de ficheros UFS2 en cada partición del espejo." #. type: Title === #: documentation/content/en/articles/remote-install/_index.adoc:274 #, no-wrap msgid "System Installation" msgstr "Instalación del sistema" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/remote-install/_index.adoc:279 msgid "" "This is the most important part. This section will describe how to actually " "install the minimal distribution of FreeBSD on the hard drives that we have " "prepared in the previous section. To accomplish this goal, all file systems " "need to be mounted so `sysinstall` may write the contents of FreeBSD to the " "hard drives:" msgstr "" "Esta es la parte más importante. Esta sección describirá cómo instalar la " "distribución mínima de FreeBSD en los discos duros que hemos preparado en la " "sección anterior. Para lograr este objetivo, todos los sistemas de archivos " "deben montarse, para que `sysinstall` pueda escribir el contenido de FreeBSD " "en los discos duros:" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/remote-install/_index.adoc:286 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# mount /dev/mirror/root /mnt\n" "# mkdir /mnt/var /mnt/usr\n" "# mount /dev/mirror/var /mnt/var\n" "# mount /dev/mirror/usr /mnt/usr\n" msgstr "" "# mount /dev/mirror/root /mnt\n" "# mkdir /mnt/var /mnt/usr\n" "# mount /dev/mirror/var /mnt/var\n" "# mount /dev/mirror/usr /mnt/usr\n" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/remote-install/_index.adoc:293 msgid "" "When you are done, start man:sysinstall[8]. Select the [." "guimenuitem]#Custom# installation from the main menu. Select [." "guimenuitem]#Options# and press kbd:[Enter]. With the help of arrow keys, " "move the cursor on the `Install Root` item, press kbd:[Space] and change it " "to [.filename]#/mnt#. Press kbd:[Enter] to submit your changes and exit the " "[.guimenuitem]#Options# menu by pressing kbd:[q]." msgstr "" "Cuando hayas terminado, arranca man:sysinstall[8]. Selecciona la instalación " "[.guimenuitem]#Custom# en el menú principal. Selecciona [." "guimenuitem]#Options# y presiona kbd:[Enter]. Con la ayuda de las teclas de " "dirección, mueve el cursor al elemento `Install Root`, presiona kbd:[Space] " "y cámbialo a [.filename]#/mnt#. Presiona kbd:[Enter] para hacer los cambios " "y sal del menú [.guimenuitem]#Options# presionando kbd:[q]." #. type: delimited block = 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/remote-install/_index.adoc:297 msgid "" "Note that this step is very important and if skipped, `sysinstall` will be " "unable to install FreeBSD." msgstr "" "Ten en cuenta que este paso es muy importante y si lo omites, `sysinstall` " "no será capaz de instalar FreeBSD." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/remote-install/_index.adoc:302 msgid "" "Go to the [.guimenuitem]#Distributions# menu, move the cursor with the arrow " "keys to `Minimal`, and check it by pressing kbd:[Space]. This article uses " "the Minimal distribution in order to save network traffic, because the " "system itself will be installed over ftp. Exit this menu by choosing `Exit`." msgstr "" "Ve al menú [.guimenuitem]#Distributions#, mueve el cursor con las teclas de " "dirección a `Minimal`, y márcala presionando kbd:[Space]. Este artículo " "utiliza la distribución Minimal para ahorrar tráfico de red, porque el " "sistema en sí mismo será instalado mediante ftp. Sal de este menú escogiendo " "`Exit`." #. type: delimited block = 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/remote-install/_index.adoc:306 msgid "" "The [.guimenuitem]#Partition# and [.guimenuitem]#Label# menus will be " "skipped, as these are useless now." msgstr "" "Los menús [.guimenuitem]#Partition# y [.guimenuitem]#Label# se omitirán ya " "que ahora son inútiles." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/remote-install/_index.adoc:311 msgid "" "In the [.guimenuitem]#Media# menu, select `FTP`. Select the nearest mirror " "and let `sysinstall` assume that the network is already configured. You " "will be returned back to the [.guimenuitem]#Custom# menu." msgstr "" "En el menú [.guimenuitem]#Media#, selecciona `FTP`. Selecciona el mirror más " "cercano y deja que `sysinstall` asuma que la red ya está configurada. Se te " "redirigirá de vuelta al menú [.guimenuitem]#Custom#." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/remote-install/_index.adoc:314 msgid "" "Finally, perform the system installation by selecting the last option, [." "guimenuitem]#Commit#. Exit `sysinstall` when it finishes the installation." msgstr "" "Finalmente, realiza la instalación del sistema seleccionando la última " "opción, [.guimenuitem]#Commit#. Sal de `sysinstall` cuando finalice la " "instalación." #. type: Title === #: documentation/content/en/articles/remote-install/_index.adoc:315 #, no-wrap msgid "Post Installation Steps" msgstr "Pasos posteriores a la instalación" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/remote-install/_index.adoc:319 msgid "" "The FreeBSD operating system should be installed now; however, the process " "is not finished yet. It is necessary to perform some post installation " "steps in order to allow FreeBSD to boot in the future and to be able to log " "in to the system." msgstr "" "El sistema operativo FreBSD ya debería estar instalado; sin embargo, el " "proceso aún no ha terminado. Es necesario realizar algunos pasos posteriores " "a la instalación para permitir que FreeBSD se inicie en el futuro y para " "poder iniciar sesión en el sistema." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/remote-install/_index.adoc:322 msgid "" "You must now man:chroot[8] into the freshly installed system in order to " "finish the installation. Use the following command:" msgstr "" "Ahora debes hacer man:chroot[8] en el sistema recién instalado para poder " "finalizar la instalación. Utiliza el siguiente comando:" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/remote-install/_index.adoc:326 #, no-wrap msgid "# chroot /mnt\n" msgstr "# chroot /mnt\n" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/remote-install/_index.adoc:329 msgid "To complete our goal, perform these steps:" msgstr "Para completar nuestro objetivo, sigue estos pasos:" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/remote-install/_index.adoc:331 msgid "Copy the `GENERIC` kernel to the [.filename]#/boot/kernel# directory:" msgstr "Copia el kernel `GENERIC` al directorio [.filename]#/boot/kernel#:" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/remote-install/_index.adoc:335 #, no-wrap msgid "# cp -Rp /boot/GENERIC/* /boot/kernel\n" msgstr "# cp -Rp /boot/GENERIC/* /boot/kernel\n" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/remote-install/_index.adoc:338 msgid "" "Create the [.filename]#/etc/rc.conf#, [.filename]#/etc/resolv.conf# and [." "filename]#/etc/fstab# files. Do not forget to properly set the network " "information and to enable sshd in [.filename]#/etc/rc.conf#. The contents of " "[.filename]#/etc/fstab# will be similar to the following:" msgstr "" "Crea los ficheros [.filename]#/etc/rc.conf#, [.filename]#/etc/resolv.conf# y " "[.filename]#/etc/fstab#. No olvides configurar la información de red y " "habilitar sshd en [.filename]#/etc/rc.conf#. El contenido de [.filename]#/" "etc/fstab# será similar a lo siguiente:" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/remote-install/_index.adoc:347 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# Device Mountpoint FStype Options Dump Pass#\n" "/dev/mirror/swap none swap sw 0 0\n" "/dev/mirror/root / ufs rw 1 1\n" "/dev/mirror/usr /usr ufs rw 2 2\n" "/dev/mirror/var /var ufs rw 2 2\n" "/dev/cd0 /cdrom cd9660 ro,noauto 0 0\n" msgstr "" "# Device Mountpoint FStype Options Dump Pass#" "\n" "/dev/mirror/swap none swap sw 0 0\n" "/dev/mirror/root / ufs rw 1 1\n" "/dev/mirror/usr /usr ufs rw 2 2\n" "/dev/mirror/var /var ufs rw 2 2\n" "/dev/cd0 /cdrom cd9660 ro,noauto 0 0\n" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/remote-install/_index.adoc:349 msgid "Create [.filename]#/boot/loader.conf# with the following contents:" msgstr "Crea [.filename]#/boot/loader.conf# con el siguiente contenido:" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/remote-install/_index.adoc:354 #, no-wrap msgid "" "geom_mirror_load=\"YES\"\n" "zfs_load=\"YES\"\n" msgstr "" "geom_mirror_load=\"YES\"\n" "zfs_load=\"YES\"\n" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/remote-install/_index.adoc:356 msgid "" "Perform the following command, which will make ZFS available on the next " "boot:" msgstr "" "Ejecuta el siguiente comando, el cual hará que ZFS esté disponible en el " "siguiente arranque:" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/remote-install/_index.adoc:360 #, no-wrap msgid "# sysrc zfs_enable=\"YES\"\n" msgstr "# sysrc zfs_enable=\"YES\"\n" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/remote-install/_index.adoc:363 msgid "" "Add additional users to the system using the man:adduser[8] tool. Do not " "forget to add a user to the `wheel` group so you may obtain root access " "after the reboot." msgstr "" "Añade usuarios adicionales al sistema usando la herramienta man:adduser[8]. " "No olvides añadir un usuario al grupo `wheel` de forma que puedas obtener " "acceso root después del reinicio." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/remote-install/_index.adoc:364 msgid "Double-check all your settings." msgstr "Vuelve a comprobar todas sus configuraciones." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/remote-install/_index.adoc:367 msgid "" "The system should now be ready for the next boot. Use the man:reboot[8] " "command to reboot your system." msgstr "" "Ahora el sistema debería estar listo para el siguiente arranque. Utiliza el " "comando man:reboot[8] para reiniciar tu sistema." #. type: Title == #: documentation/content/en/articles/remote-install/_index.adoc:369 #, no-wrap msgid "ZFS" msgstr "ZFS" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/remote-install/_index.adoc:373 msgid "" "If your system survived the reboot, it should now be possible to log in. " "Welcome to the fresh FreeBSD installation, performed remotely without the " "use of a remote console!" msgstr "" "Si tu sistema sobrevivió al reinicio, ahora deberías poder iniciar sesión. ¡" "Bienvenido a la nueva instalación de FreeBSD, realizada de forma remota sin " "el uso de una consola remota!" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/remote-install/_index.adoc:376 msgid "" "The only remaining step is to configure man:zpool[8] and create some man:" "zfs[8] file systems. Creating and administering ZFS is very " "straightforward. First, create a mirrored pool:" msgstr "" "El único paso que queda es configurar man:zpool[8] y crear algunos sistemas " "de ficheros man:zfs[8]. Crear y administrar ZFS es muy directo. Primero crea " "un pool en mirror:" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/remote-install/_index.adoc:380 #, no-wrap msgid "# zpool create tank mirror /dev/ad[01]s1f\n" msgstr "# zpool create tank mirror /dev/ad[01]s1f\n" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/remote-install/_index.adoc:383 msgid "Next, create some file systems:" msgstr "A continuación, crea algunos sistemas de archivos:" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/remote-install/_index.adoc:392 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# zfs create tank/ports\n" "# zfs create tank/src\n" "# zfs set compression=gzip tank/ports\n" "# zfs set compression=on tank/src\n" "# zfs set mountpoint=/usr/ports tank/ports\n" "# zfs set mountpoint=/usr/src tank/src\n" msgstr "" "# zfs create tank/ports\n" "# zfs create tank/src\n" "# zfs set compression=gzip tank/ports\n" "# zfs set compression=on tank/src\n" "# zfs set mountpoint=/usr/ports tank/ports\n" "# zfs set mountpoint=/usr/src tank/src\n" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/remote-install/_index.adoc:395 msgid "" "That is all. If you are interested in more details about ZFS on FreeBSD, " "please refer to the https://wiki.freebsd.org/ZFS[ZFS] section of the FreeBSD " "Wiki." msgstr "" "Eso es todo. Si estás interesado en más detalles acerca de ZFS en FreeBSD, " "por favor dirígete a la sección https://wiki.freebsd.org/ZFS[ZFS] en la Wiki " "de FreeBSD." #~ msgid "" #~ "include::shared/attributes/attributes-{{% lang %}}.adoc[] include::shared/" #~ "{{% lang %}}/teams.adoc[] include::shared/{{% lang %}}/mailing-lists." #~ "adoc[] include::shared/{{% lang %}}/urls.adoc[]" #~ msgstr "" #~ "include::shared/attributes/attributes-{{% lang %}}.adoc[]\n" #~ "include::shared/{{% lang %}}/teams.adoc[]\n" #~ "include::shared/{{% lang %}}/mailing-lists.adoc[]\n" #~ "include::shared/{{% lang %}}/urls.adoc[]"