# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE
# Copyright (C) YEAR The FreeBSD Project
# This file is distributed under the same license as the FreeBSD Documentation package.
# FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
#
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: FreeBSD Documentation VERSION\n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-11-08 16:17+0000\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
"Language: \n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"

#. type: YAML Front Matter: description
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1
#, no-wrap
msgid "Virtualization software allows multiple operating systems to run simultaneously on the same computer"
msgstr ""

#. type: YAML Front Matter: part
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1
#, no-wrap
msgid "Part III. System Administration"
msgstr ""

#. type: YAML Front Matter: title
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1
#, no-wrap
msgid "Chapter 24. Virtualization"
msgstr ""

#. type: Title =
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:15
#, no-wrap
msgid "Virtualization"
msgstr ""

#. type: Title ==
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:53
#, no-wrap
msgid "Synopsis"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:57
msgid ""
"Virtualization software allows multiple operating systems to run "
"simultaneously on the same computer.  Such software systems for PCs often "
"involve a host operating system which runs the virtualization software and "
"supports any number of guest operating systems."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:59
msgid "Read this chapter to learn:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:61
msgid ""
"The difference between a host operating system and a guest operating system."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:62
msgid "How to install FreeBSD on the following virtualization platforms:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:63
msgid "Parallels Desktop(Apple(R) macOS(R))"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:64
msgid "VMware Fusion(Apple(R) macOS(R))"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:65
msgid ""
"VirtualBox(TM)(Microsoft(R) Windows(R), Intel(R)-based Apple(R) macOS(R), "
"Linux)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:66
msgid "QEMU(FreeBSD)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:67
msgid "bhyve(FreeBSD)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:68
msgid "How to tune a FreeBSD system for best performance under virtualization."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:70
msgid "Before reading this chapter:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:72
msgid "Understand the crossref:basics[basics,basics of UNIX(R) and FreeBSD]."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:73
msgid "Know how to crossref:bsdinstall[bsdinstall,install FreeBSD]."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:74
msgid ""
"Know how to crossref:advanced-networking[advanced-networking,set up a "
"network connection]."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:75
msgid ""
"Know how to crossref:ports[ports,install additional third-party software]."
msgstr ""

#. type: Title ==
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:77
#, no-wrap
msgid "FreeBSD as a Guest on Parallels Desktop for macOS(R)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:82
msgid ""
"Parallels Desktop for Mac(R) is a commercial software product available for "
"Apple(R) Mac(R) computers running macOS(R) 10.14.6 or higher.  FreeBSD is a "
"fully supported guest operating system.  Once Parallels has been installed "
"on macOS(R), the user must configure a virtual machine and then install the "
"desired guest operating system."
msgstr ""

#. type: Title ===
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:84
#, no-wrap
msgid "Installing FreeBSD on Parallels Desktop on Mac(R)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:87
msgid ""
"The first step in installing FreeBSD on Parallels is to create a new virtual "
"machine for installing FreeBSD."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:89
msgid ""
"Choose menu:Install Windows or another OS from a DVD or image file[] and "
"proceed."
msgstr ""

#. type: Positional ($1) AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:90
#, no-wrap
msgid "Parallels setup wizard showing Install Windows or another OS from a DVD or image file chosen"
msgstr ""

#. type: Target for macro image
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:90
#, no-wrap
msgid "parallels-freebsd1.png"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:93
msgid "Select the FreeBSD image file."
msgstr ""

#. type: Positional ($1) AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:94
#, no-wrap
msgid "Parallels setup wizard showing FreeBSD image file selected"
msgstr ""

#. type: Target for macro image
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:94
#, no-wrap
msgid "parallels-freebsd2.png"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:97
msgid "Choose menu:Other as operating system[]."
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:101
msgid "Choosing FreeBSD will cause boot error on startup."
msgstr ""

#. type: Positional ($1) AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:103
#, no-wrap
msgid "Parallels setup wizard showing Other selected as operating system"
msgstr ""

#. type: Target for macro image
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:103
#, no-wrap
msgid "parallels-freebsd3.png"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:106
msgid ""
"Name the virtual machine and check menu:Customize settings before "
"installation[]"
msgstr ""

#. type: Positional ($1) AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:107
#, no-wrap
msgid "Parallels setup wizard showing the checkbox checked for customizing settings before installation"
msgstr ""

#. type: Target for macro image
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:107
#, no-wrap
msgid "parallels-freebsd4.png"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:111
msgid ""
"When the configuration window pops up, go to menu:Hardware[] tab, choose "
"menu:Boot order[], and click menu:Advanced[].  Then, choose *EFI 64-bit* as "
"menu:BIOS[]."
msgstr ""

#. type: Positional ($1) AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:112
#, no-wrap
msgid "Parallels setup wizard showing EFI 64-bit chosen as BIOS"
msgstr ""

#. type: Target for macro image
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:112
#, no-wrap
msgid "parallels-freebsd5.png"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:115
msgid ""
"Click menu:OK[], close the configuration window, and click menu:Continue[]."
msgstr ""

#. type: Positional ($1) AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:116
#, no-wrap
msgid "Parallels setup wizard showing the summary of the new virtual machine"
msgstr ""

#. type: Target for macro image
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:116
#, no-wrap
msgid "parallels-freebsd6.png"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:120
msgid ""
"The virtual machine will automatically boot.  Install FreeBSD following the "
"general steps."
msgstr ""

#. type: Positional ($1) AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:121
#, no-wrap
msgid "FreeBSD booted on Parallels"
msgstr ""

#. type: Target for macro image
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:121
#, no-wrap
msgid "parallels-freebsd7.png"
msgstr ""

#. type: Title ===
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:124
#, no-wrap
msgid "Configuring FreeBSD on Parallels"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:127
msgid ""
"After FreeBSD has been successfully installed on macOS(R) X with Parallels, "
"there are a number of configuration steps that can be taken to optimize the "
"system for virtualized operation."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:130
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:243
msgid "Set Boot Loader Variables"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:133
msgid ""
"The most important step is to reduce the `kern.hz` tunable to reduce the CPU "
"utilization of FreeBSD under the Parallels environment.  This is "
"accomplished by adding the following line to [.filename]#/boot/loader.conf#:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:137
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:250
#, no-wrap
msgid "kern.hz=100\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:141
msgid ""
"Without this setting, an idle FreeBSD Parallels guest will use roughly 15% "
"of the CPU of a single processor iMac(R).  After this change the usage will "
"be closer to 5%."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:143
msgid ""
"If installing FreeBSD 14.0 or later, and CPU utilization is still high, add "
"the following additional line to [.filename]#/boot/loader.conf#:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:147
#, no-wrap
msgid "debug.acpi.disabled=\"ged\"\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:149
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:255
msgid "Create a New Kernel Configuration File"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:152
msgid ""
"All SCSI, FireWire, and USB device drivers can be removed from a custom "
"kernel configuration file.  Parallels provides a virtual network adapter "
"used by the man:ed[4] driver, so all network devices except for man:ed[4] "
"and man:miibus[4] can be removed from the kernel."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:153
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:259
msgid "Configure Networking"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:157
msgid ""
"The most basic networking setup uses DHCP to connect the virtual machine to "
"the same local area network as the host Mac(R).  This can be accomplished by "
"adding `ifconfig_ed0=\"DHCP\"` to [.filename]#/etc/rc.conf#.  More advanced "
"networking setups are described in crossref:advanced-networking[advanced-"
"networking,Advanced Networking]."
msgstr ""

#. type: Title ==
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:159
#, no-wrap
msgid "FreeBSD as a Guest on VMware Fusion for macOS(R)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:164
msgid ""
"VMware Fusion for Mac(R) is a commercial software product available for "
"Apple(R) Mac(R) computers running macOS(R) 12 or higher.  FreeBSD is a fully "
"supported guest operating system.  Once VMware Fusion has been installed on "
"macOS(R), the user can configure a virtual machine and then install the "
"desired guest operating system."
msgstr ""

#. type: Title ===
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:166
#, no-wrap
msgid "Installing FreeBSD on VMware Fusion"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:170
msgid ""
"The first step is to start VMware Fusion which will load the Virtual Machine "
"Library.  Click [.guimenuitem]#+->New# to create the virtual machine:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Target for macro image
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:171
#, no-wrap
msgid "vmware-freebsd01.png"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:175
msgid ""
"This will load the New Virtual Machine Assistant.  Choose "
"[.guimenuitem]#Create a custom virtual machine# and click "
"[.guimenuitem]#Continue# to proceed:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Target for macro image
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:176
#, no-wrap
msgid "vmware-freebsd02.png"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:179
msgid ""
"Select [.guimenuitem]#Other# as the [.guimenuitem]#Operating System# and "
"either [.guimenuitem]#FreeBSD X# or [.guimenuitem]#FreeBSD X 64-bit#, as the "
"menu:Version[] when prompted:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Target for macro image
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:180
#, no-wrap
msgid "vmware-freebsd03.png"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:183
msgid "Choose the firmware(UEFI is recommended):"
msgstr ""

#. type: Target for macro image
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:184
#, no-wrap
msgid "vmware-freebsd04.png"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:187
msgid ""
"Choose [.guimenuitem]#Create a new virtual disk# and click "
"[.guimenuitem]#Continue#:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Target for macro image
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:188
#, no-wrap
msgid "vmware-freebsd05.png"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:191
msgid "Check the configuration and click [.guimenuitem]#Finish#:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Target for macro image
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:192
#, no-wrap
msgid "vmware-freebsd06.png"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:195
msgid ""
"Choose the name of the virtual machine and the directory where it should be "
"saved:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Target for macro image
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:196
#, no-wrap
msgid "vmware-freebsd07.png"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:199
msgid ""
"Press command+E to open virtual machine settings and click [.guimenuitem]#CD/"
"DVD#:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Target for macro image
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:200
#, no-wrap
msgid "vmware-freebsd08.png"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:203
msgid "Choose FreeBSD ISO image or from a CD/DVD:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Target for macro image
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:204
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:226
#, no-wrap
msgid "vmware-freebsd09.png"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:207
msgid "Start the virtual machine:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Target for macro image
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:208
#, no-wrap
msgid "vmware-freebsd10.png"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:211
msgid "Install FreeBSD as usual:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Target for macro image
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:212
#, no-wrap
msgid "vmware-freebsd11.png"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:215
msgid ""
"Once the install is complete, the settings of the virtual machine can be "
"modified, such as memory usage and the number of CPUs the virtual machine "
"will have access to:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:219
msgid ""
"The System Hardware settings of the virtual machine cannot be modified while "
"the virtual machine is running."
msgstr ""

#. type: Target for macro image
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:221
#, no-wrap
msgid "vmware-freebsd12.png"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:225
msgid ""
"The status of the CD-ROM device.  Normally the CD/DVD/ISO is disconnected "
"from the virtual machine when it is no longer needed."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:231
msgid ""
"The last thing to change is how the virtual machine will connect to the "
"network.  To allow connections to the virtual machine from other machines "
"besides the host, choose [.guimenuitem]#Connect directly to the physical "
"network (Bridged)#.  Otherwise, [.guimenuitem]#Share the host's internet "
"connection (NAT)# is preferred so that the virtual machine can have access "
"to the Internet, but the network cannot access the virtual machine."
msgstr ""

#. type: Target for macro image
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:232
#, no-wrap
msgid "vmware-freebsd13.png"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:235
msgid ""
"After modifying the settings, boot the newly installed FreeBSD virtual "
"machine."
msgstr ""

#. type: Title ===
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:237
#, no-wrap
msgid "Configuring FreeBSD on VMware Fusion"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:240
msgid ""
"After FreeBSD has been successfully installed on macOS(R) X with VMware "
"Fusion, there are a number of configuration steps that can be taken to "
"optimize the system for virtualized operation."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:246
msgid ""
"The most important step is to reduce the `kern.hz` tunable to reduce the CPU "
"utilization of FreeBSD under the VMware Fusion environment.  This is "
"accomplished by adding the following line to [.filename]#/boot/loader.conf#:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:254
msgid ""
"Without this setting, an idle FreeBSD VMware Fusion guest will use roughly "
"15% of the CPU of a single processor iMac(R).  After this change, the usage "
"will be closer to 5%."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:258
msgid ""
"All FireWire, and USB device drivers can be removed from a custom kernel "
"configuration file.  VMware Fusion provides a virtual network adapter used "
"by the man:em[4] driver, so all network devices except for man:em[4] can be "
"removed from the kernel."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:263
msgid ""
"The most basic networking setup uses DHCP to connect the virtual machine to "
"the same local area network as the host Mac(R).  This can be accomplished by "
"adding `ifconfig_em0=\"DHCP\"` to [.filename]#/etc/rc.conf#.  More advanced "
"networking setups are described in crossref:advanced-networking[advanced-"
"networking,Advanced Networking]."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:265
msgid "Install drivers and open-vm-tools"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:267
msgid "To run FreeBSD smoothly on VMWare, drivers should be installed:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:271
#, no-wrap
msgid "# pkg install xf86-video-vmware xf86-input-vmmouse open-vm-tools\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:276
msgid "The xf86 packages are only available for x86 FreeBSD guests."
msgstr ""

#. type: Block title
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:280
#, no-wrap
msgid "Enabling the mouse"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:284
msgid ""
"Some users have reported issues using the mouse in the virtual machine.  The "
"mouse may be enabled by appending the following to [.filename]#/boot/"
"loader.conf#:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:288
#, no-wrap
msgid "# ums_load=“YES”\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Title ==
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:292
#, no-wrap
msgid "FreeBSD as a Guest on VirtualBox(TM)"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:296
msgid ""
"FreeBSD works well as a guest in VirtualBox(TM).  The virtualization "
"software is available for most common operating systems, including FreeBSD "
"itself."
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:298
msgid "The VirtualBox(TM) guest additions provide support for:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:300
msgid "Clipboard sharing."
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:301
msgid "Mouse pointer integration."
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:302
msgid "Host time synchronization."
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:303
msgid "Window scaling."
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:304
msgid "Seamless mode."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:308
msgid "These commands are run in the FreeBSD guest."
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:312
msgid ""
"First, install the package:emulators/virtualbox-ose-additions[] package or "
"port in the FreeBSD guest.  This will install the port:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:316
#, no-wrap
msgid "# cd /usr/ports/emulators/virtualbox-ose-additions && make install clean\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:319
msgid "Add these lines to [.filename]#/etc/rc.conf#:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:324
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"vboxguest_enable=\"YES\"\n"
"vboxservice_enable=\"YES\"\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:327
msgid ""
"If man:ntpd[8] or man:ntpdate[8] is used, disable host time synchronization:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:331
#, no-wrap
msgid "vboxservice_flags=\"--disable-timesync\"\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:335
msgid ""
"Xorg will automatically recognize the `vboxvideo` driver.  It can also be "
"manually entered in [.filename]#/etc/X11/xorg.conf#:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:344
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"Section \"Device\"\n"
"\tIdentifier \"Card0\"\n"
"\tDriver \"vboxvideo\"\n"
"\tVendorName \"InnoTek Systemberatung GmbH\"\n"
"\tBoardName \"VirtualBox Graphics Adapter\"\n"
"EndSection\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:347
msgid ""
"To use the `vboxmouse` driver, adjust the mouse section in [.filename]#/etc/"
"X11/xorg.conf#:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:354
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"Section \"InputDevice\"\n"
"\tIdentifier \"Mouse0\"\n"
"\tDriver \"vboxmouse\"\n"
"EndSection\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:359
msgid ""
"Shared folders for file transfers between host and VM are accessible by "
"mounting them using `mount_vboxvfs`.  A shared folder can be created on the "
"host using the VirtualBox GUI or via `vboxmanage`.  For example, to create a "
"shared folder called _myshare_ under [.filename]#/mnt/bsdboxshare# for the "
"VM named _BSDBox_, run:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:363
#, no-wrap
msgid "# vboxmanage sharedfolder add 'BSDBox' --name myshare --hostpath /mnt/bsdboxshare\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:367
msgid ""
"Note that the shared folder name must not contain spaces.  Mount the shared "
"folder from within the guest system like this:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:371
#, no-wrap
msgid "# mount_vboxvfs -w myshare /mnt\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Title ==
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:374
#, no-wrap
msgid "FreeBSD as a Host with VirtualBox(TM)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:382
msgid ""
"VirtualBox(TM) is an actively developed, complete virtualization package, "
"that is available for most operating systems including Windows(R), macOS(R), "
"Linux(R) and FreeBSD.  It is equally capable of running Windows(R) or "
"UNIX(R)-like guests.  It is released as open source software, but with "
"closed-source components available in a separate extension pack.  These "
"components include support for USB 2.0 devices.  More information may be "
"found on the http://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Downloads[Downloads page of the "
"VirtualBox(TM) wiki].  Currently, these extensions are not available for "
"FreeBSD."
msgstr ""

#. type: Title ===
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:384
#, no-wrap
msgid "Installing VirtualBox(TM)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:388
msgid ""
"VirtualBox(TM) is available as a FreeBSD package or port in "
"package:emulators/virtualbox-ose[].  The port can be installed using these "
"commands:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:393
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# cd /usr/ports/emulators/virtualbox-ose\n"
"# make install clean\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:398
msgid ""
"One useful option in the port's configuration menu is the `GuestAdditions` "
"suite of programs.  These provide a number of useful features in guest "
"operating systems, like mouse pointer integration (allowing the mouse to be "
"shared between host and guest without the need to press a special keyboard "
"shortcut to switch) and faster video rendering, especially in Windows(R) "
"guests.  The guest additions are available in the menu:Devices[] menu, after "
"the installation of the guest is finished."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:401
msgid ""
"A few configuration changes are needed before VirtualBox(TM) is started for "
"the first time.  The port installs a kernel module in [.filename]#/boot/"
"modules# which must be loaded into the running kernel:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:405
#, no-wrap
msgid "# kldload vboxdrv\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:408
msgid ""
"To ensure the module is always loaded after a reboot, add this line to "
"[.filename]#/boot/loader.conf#:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:412
#, no-wrap
msgid "vboxdrv_load=\"YES\"\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:415
msgid ""
"To use the kernel modules that allow bridged or host-only networking, add "
"this line to [.filename]#/etc/rc.conf# and reboot the computer:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:419
#, no-wrap
msgid "vboxnet_enable=\"YES\"\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:424
msgid ""
"The `vboxusers` group is created during installation of VirtualBox(TM).  All "
"users that need access to VirtualBox(TM) will have to be added as members of "
"this group.  `pw` can be used to add new members:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:428
#, no-wrap
msgid "# pw groupmod vboxusers -m username\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:431
msgid ""
"The default permissions for [.filename]#/dev/vboxnetctl# are restrictive and "
"need to be changed for bridged networking:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:436
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# chown root:vboxusers /dev/vboxnetctl\n"
"# chmod 0660 /dev/vboxnetctl\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:439
msgid ""
"To make this permissions change permanent, add these lines to [.filename]#/"
"etc/devfs.conf#:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:444
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"own     vboxnetctl root:vboxusers\n"
"perm    vboxnetctl 0660\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:447
msgid "To launch VirtualBox(TM), type from an Xorg session:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:451
#, no-wrap
msgid "% VirtualBox\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:455
msgid ""
"For more information on configuring and using VirtualBox(TM), refer to the "
"http://www.virtualbox.org[official website].  For FreeBSD-specific "
"information and troubleshooting instructions, refer to the http://"
"wiki.FreeBSD.org/VirtualBox[relevant page in the FreeBSD wiki]."
msgstr ""

#. type: Title ===
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:457
#, no-wrap
msgid "VirtualBox(TM) USB Support"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:461
msgid ""
"VirtualBox(TM) can be configured to pass USB devices through to the guest "
"operating system.  The host controller of the OSE version is limited to "
"emulating USB 1.1 devices until the extension pack supporting USB 2.0 and "
"3.0 devices becomes available on FreeBSD."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:463
msgid ""
"For VirtualBox(TM) to be aware of USB devices attached to the machine, the "
"user needs to be a member of the `operator` group."
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:467
#, no-wrap
msgid "# pw groupmod operator -m username\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:470
msgid ""
"Then, add the following to [.filename]#/etc/devfs.rules#, or create this "
"file if it does not exist yet:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:475
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"[system=10]\n"
"add path 'usb/*' mode 0660 group operator\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:478
msgid ""
"To load these new rules, add the following to [.filename]#/etc/rc.conf#:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:482
#, no-wrap
msgid "devfs_system_ruleset=\"system\"\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:485
msgid "Then, restart devfs:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:489
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:517
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1919
#, no-wrap
msgid "# service devfs restart\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:492
msgid ""
"Restart the login session and VirtualBox(TM) for these changes to take "
"effect, and create USB filters as necessary."
msgstr ""

#. type: Title ===
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:494
#, no-wrap
msgid "VirtualBox(TM) Host DVD/CD Access"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:502
msgid ""
"Access to the host DVD/CD drives from guests is achieved through the sharing "
"of the physical drives.  Within VirtualBox(TM), this is set up from the "
"Storage window in the Settings of the virtual machine.  If needed, create an "
"empty IDECD/DVD device first.  Then choose the Host Drive from the popup "
"menu for the virtual CD/DVD drive selection.  A checkbox labeled "
"`Passthrough` will appear. This allows the virtual machine to use the "
"hardware directly.  For example, audio CDs or the burner will only function "
"if this option is selected."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:506
msgid ""
"In order for users to be able to use VirtualBox(TM)DVD/CD functions, they "
"need access to [.filename]#/dev/xpt0#, [.filename]#/dev/cdN#, and "
"[.filename]#/dev/passN#.  This is usually achieved by making the user a "
"member of `operator`.  Permissions to these devices have to be corrected by "
"adding these lines to [.filename]#/etc/devfs.conf#:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:512
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"perm cd* 0660\n"
"perm xpt0 0660\n"
"perm pass* 0660\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Title ==
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:520
#, no-wrap
msgid "Virtualization with QEMU on FreeBSD"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:524
msgid ""
"link:https://www.qemu.org[QEMU] is a generic machine emulator and "
"virtualizer that is completely open source software.  It is developed by a "
"large, active community and provides support for FreeBSD, OpenBSD, and "
"NetBSD as well as other operating systems."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:526
msgid "From the link:https://www.qemu.org/docs/master/[QEMU documentation]:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:530
msgid ""
"QEMU can be used in several different ways.  The most common is for System "
"Emulation, where it provides a virtual model of an entire machine (CPU, "
"memory, and emulated devices) to run a guest OS.  In this mode the CPU may "
"be fully emulated, or it may work with a hypervisor such as `KVM`, `Xen` or "
"`Hypervisor.Framework` to allow the guest to run directly on the host CPU."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:533
msgid ""
"The second supported way to use QEMU is User Mode Emulation, where QEMU can "
"launch processes compiled for one CPU on another CPU.  In this mode the CPU "
"is always emulated."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:535
msgid ""
"QEMU also provides a number of standalone command line utilities, such as "
"the man:qemu-img[1] disk image utility that allows one to create, convert, "
"and modify disk images."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:538
msgid ""
"QEMU can emulate a wide number of architectures including `Arm(TM)`, `i386`, "
"`x86_64`, `MIPS(TM)`, `s390X`, `SPARC(TM)` (Sparc(TM) and Sparc64(TM)), and "
"others.  The list of link:https://www.qemu.org/docs/master/system/"
"targets.html#system-targets-ref[QEMU System Emulator Targets] is regularly "
"kept up to date."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:540
msgid ""
"This section describes how to use QEMU for both System Emulation and User "
"Mode Emulation on FreeBSD, and provides examples of using QMEU commands and "
"command line utilities."
msgstr ""

#. type: Title ===
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:542
#, no-wrap
msgid "Installing QEMU Software"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:545
msgid ""
"QEMU is available as a FreeBSD package or as a port in package:emulators/"
"qemu[].  The package build includes sane options and defaults for most users "
"and is the recommended method of installation."
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:549
#, no-wrap
msgid "# pkg install qemu\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:554
msgid ""
"The package installation includes several dependencies.  Once the "
"installation is complete, create a link to the host version of QEMU that "
"will be used most often.  If the host is an Intel(TM) or AMD(TM) 64 bit "
"system that will be:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:558
#, no-wrap
msgid "# ln -s /usr/local/bin/qemu-system-x86_64 /usr/local/bin/qemu\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:561
msgid ""
"Test the installation by running the following command as a non-root user:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:565
#, no-wrap
msgid "% qemu\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:571
msgid ""
"This brings up a window with QEMU actively trying to boot from hard disk, "
"floppy disk, DVD/CD, and PXE.  Nothing has been set up yet, so the command "
"will produce several errors and end with \"No bootable device\" as shown in "
"crossref:virtualization[qemu-nullboot,Figure {counter:figure}].  However, it "
"does show that the QEMU software has been installed correctly."
msgstr ""

#. type: Positional ($1) AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:573
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:574
#, no-wrap
msgid "QEMU with no bootable image"
msgstr ""

#. type: Target for macro image
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:574
#, no-wrap
msgid "qemu-freebsd01.png"
msgstr ""

#. type: Title ===
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:577
#, no-wrap
msgid "Virtual Machine Install"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:585
msgid ""
"QEMU is under very active development.  Features and command options can "
"change from one version to the next.  This section provides examples "
"developed with QEMU version 9.0.1 (Summer, 2024).  When in doubt, always "
"consult the link:https://www.qemu.org/docs/master/[QEMU Documentation] "
"particularly the link:https://www.qemu.org/docs/master/about/"
"index.html[About QEMU] page which has links to supported build platforms, "
"emulation, deprecated features, and removed features."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:589
msgid ""
"Follow the steps below to create two virtual machines named \"*left*\", and "
"\"*right*\".  Most commands can be performed without root privileges."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:591
msgid "Create a test environment to work with QEMU:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:595
#, no-wrap
msgid "% mkdir -p ~/QEMU  ~/QEMU/SCRIPTS  ~/QEMU/ISO  ~/QEMU/VM\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:600
msgid ""
"The [.filename]#SCRIPTS# directory is for startup scripts and utilities.  "
"The [.filename]#ISO# directory is for the guest ISO boot images.  The "
"[.filename]#VM# directory is where the virtual machine images (`VMs`) will "
"reside."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:602
msgid "Download a recent copy of FreeBSD into [.filename]#~/QEMU/ISO#:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:607
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"% cd ~/QEMU/ISO\n"
"% fetch https://download.freebsd.org/releases/ISO-IMAGES/14.1/FreeBSD-14.1-RELEASE-amd64-bootonly.iso\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:611
msgid ""
"Once the download is complete create a shorthand link.  This shorthand link "
"is used in the startup scripts below."
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:615
#, no-wrap
msgid "% ln -s FreeBSD-14.1-RELEASE-amd64-bootonly.iso  fbsd.iso\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:618
msgid ""
"Change directory to the location for virtual machines ([.filename]#~/QEMU/"
"VM#).  Run man:qemu-img[1] to create the disk images for the “left” VM:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:623
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"% cd ~/QEMU/VM\n"
"% qemu-img create -f raw  left.img   15G\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:629
msgid ""
"The QEMU `raw` format is designed for performance.  The format is "
"straightforward and has no overhead which makes it faster, especially for "
"high performance or high throughput scenarios.  The use case is for maximum "
"performance where no additional features, such as snapshots, are needed.  "
"This format is used in the script for the \"left\" VM below."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:636
msgid ""
"A separate format is `qcow2` which uses QEMU's \"copy on write\" technique "
"for managing disk space.  This technique does not require a complete 15G "
"disk, just a stub version that is managed directly by the VM.  The disk "
"grows dynamically as the VM writes to it.  This format supports snapshots, "
"compression, and encryption.  The use case for this format is for "
"development, testing, and scenarios with the need of these advanced "
"features.  This format is used in the script for the \"right\" VM below."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:638
msgid ""
"Run man:qemu-img[1] again to create the disk image for the \"right\" VM "
"using `qcow2`:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:642
#, no-wrap
msgid "% qemu-img create -f qcow2 -o preallocation=full,cluster_size=512K,lazy_refcounts=on right.qcow2 20G\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:645
msgid "To see the actual size of the file use:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:649
#, no-wrap
msgid "% du -Ah right.qcow2\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:655
msgid ""
"Set up networking for both virtual machines with the following commands.  In "
"this example the host network interface is `em0`.  If necessary, change it "
"to fit the interface for the host system.  This must be done after every "
"host machine restart to enable the QEMU guest VMs to communicate."
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:667
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# ifconfig tap0 create\n"
"# ifconfig tap1 create\n"
"# sysctl net.link.tap.up_on_open=1\n"
"net.link.tap.up_on_open: 0 -> 1\n"
"# sysctl net.link.tap.user_open=1\n"
"net.link.tap.user_open: 0 -> 1\n"
"# ifconfig bridge0 create\n"
"# ifconfig bridge0 addm tap0 addm tap1 addm em0\n"
"# ifconfig bridge0 up\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:672
msgid ""
"The above commands create two man:tap[4] devices (`tap0`, `tap1`) and one "
"man:if_bridge[4] device (`bridge0`).  Then, they add the `tap` devices and "
"the local host interface (`em0`) to the `bridge`, and set two man:sysctl[8] "
"entries to allow for normal users to open the tap device.  These commands "
"will allow the virtual machines to talk to the network stack on the host."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:675
msgid ""
"Change to [.filename]#~/QEMU/SCRIPTS#, use the following script to start the "
"first virtual machine, \"left\".  This script uses the QEMU raw disk format."
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:691
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"/usr/local/bin/qemu-system-x86_64  -monitor none \\\n"
"  -cpu qemu64 \\\n"
"  -vga std \\\n"
"  -m 4096 \\\n"
"  -smp 4   \\\n"
"  -cdrom ../ISO/fbsd.iso \\\n"
"  -boot order=cd,menu=on \\\n"
"  -blockdev driver=file,aio=threads,node-name=imgleft,filename=../VM/left.img \\\n"
"  -blockdev driver=raw,node-name=drive0,file=imgleft \\\n"
"  -device virtio-blk-pci,drive=drive0,bootindex=1  \\\n"
"  -netdev tap,id=nd0,ifname=tap0,script=no,downscript=no,br=bridge0 \\\n"
"  -device e1000,netdev=nd0,mac=02:20:6c:65:66:74 \\\n"
"  -name \\\"left\\\"\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:696
msgid ""
"Save the above into a file (for example `left.sh`) and simply run: % `/bin/"
"sh left.sh`"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:701
msgid ""
"QEMU will start up a virtual machine in a separate window and boot the "
"FreeBSD iso as shown in crossref:virtualization[qemu-newboot-loader-"
"menu,Figure {counter:figure}].  All command options such as `-cpu` and `-"
"boot` are fully described in the QEMU man page man:qemu[1]."
msgstr ""

#. type: Block title
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:703
#, no-wrap
msgid "FreeBSD Boot Loader Menu"
msgstr ""

#. type: Positional ($1) AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:704
#, no-wrap
msgid "The FreeBSD loader menu."
msgstr ""

#. type: Target for macro image
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:704
#, no-wrap
msgid "qemu-freebsd02.png"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:711
msgid ""
"If the mouse is clicked in the QEMU console window, QEMU will “grab” the "
"mouse as shown in crossref:virtualization[qemu-grab,Figure "
"{counter:figure}].  Type kbd:[Ctl]+kbd:[Alt]+kbd:[G]” to release the mouse."
msgstr ""

#. type: Block title
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:714
#, no-wrap
msgid "When QEMU Has Grabbed the Mouse"
msgstr ""

#. type: Positional ($1) AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:715
#, no-wrap
msgid "When QEMU has grabbed the mouse"
msgstr ""

#. type: Target for macro image
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:715
#, no-wrap
msgid "qemu-freebsd03.png"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:722
msgid ""
"On FreeBSD, an initial QEMU installation can be somewhat slow.  This is "
"because the emulator writes filesystem formatting and metadata during the "
"disk first use.  Subsequent operations are generally much faster."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:725
msgid "During the installation there are several points to note:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:728
msgid ""
"Select to use UFS as the filesystem.  ZFS does not perform well with small "
"memory sizes."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:730
msgid ""
"For networking use DHCP.  If desired, configure IPv6 if supported by the "
"local LAN."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:731
msgid ""
"When adding the default user, ensure they are a member of the *wheel* group."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:733
msgid ""
"Once the installation completes, the virtual machine reboots into the newly "
"installed FreeBSD image."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:735
msgid "Login as `root` and update the system as follows:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:740
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# freebsd-update fetch install\n"
"# reboot\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:745
msgid ""
"After a successful installation, QEMU will boot the operating system "
"installed on the disk, and not the installation program."
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:752
msgid ""
"QEMU supports a ```-runas``` option.  For added security, include the option "
"\"-runas user_name\" in the script listing above.  See man:qemu[1] for "
"details."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:756
msgid ""
"Login as `root` again and add any packages desired.  To utilize the X Window "
"system in the guest, see the section \"Using the X Window System\" below."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:758
msgid "This completes the setup of the \"left\" VM."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:762
msgid ""
"To install the \"right\" VM, run the following script.  This script has the "
"modifications needed for tap1, format=qcow2, the image filename, the MAC "
"address, and the terminal window name.  If desired, include the \"-runas\" "
"parameter as described in the above note."
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:777
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"/usr/local/bin/qemu-system-x86_64  -monitor none \\\n"
"  -cpu qemu64 \\\n"
"  -vga cirrus \\\n"
"  -m 4096  -smp 4   \\\n"
"  -cdrom ../ISO/fbsd.iso \\\n"
"  -boot order=cd,menu=on \\\n"
"  -drive if=none,id=drive0,cache=writeback,aio=threads,format=qcow2,discard=unmap,file=../VM/right.qcow2 \\\n"
"  -device virtio-blk-pci,drive=drive0,bootindex=1  \\\n"
"  -netdev tap,id=nd0,ifname=tap1,script=no,downscript=no,br=bridge0 \\\n"
"  -device e1000,netdev=nd0,mac=02:72:69:67:68:74 \\\n"
"  -name \\\"right\\\"\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:781
msgid ""
"Once the installation is complete, the \"left\" and \"right\" machines can "
"communicate with each other and with the host.  If there are strict firewall "
"rules on the host, consider adding or modifying rules to allow the bridge "
"and tap devices to communicate with each other."
msgstr ""

#. type: Title ===
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:783
#, no-wrap
msgid "Usage Tips"
msgstr ""

#. type: Title ====
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:785
#, no-wrap
msgid "Using the X Window System"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:789
msgid ""
"crossref:x11[x-install,Installing Xorg] describes how to set up the `X "
"Window` system.  Refer to that guide for initial `X Window` setup then "
"consult crossref:desktop[desktop,Desktop Environments] on how to set up a "
"complete desktop."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:791
msgid "This section demonstrates use of the XFCE desktop."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:793
msgid "Once the installation is complete, login as a regular user, then type:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:797
#, no-wrap
msgid "% startx\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:803
msgid ""
"The XFCE4 window manager should start up and present a functioning graphical "
"desktop as in crossref:virtualization[qemu-two-qemu,Figure "
"{counter:figure}].  On initial startup, it may take up to a minute to "
"display the desktop.  See the documentation at the link:https://"
"www.xfce.org[XFCE website] for usage details."
msgstr ""

#. type: Positional ($1) AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:804
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:805
#, no-wrap
msgid "Both QEMU VMs"
msgstr ""

#. type: Target for macro image
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:805
#, no-wrap
msgid "qemu-freebsd04.png"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:810
msgid ""
"Adding more memory to the guest system may speed up the graphical user "
"interface."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:813
msgid ""
"Here, the \"left\" VM has had the `X Window` system installed, while the "
"\"right\" VM is still in text mode."
msgstr ""

#. type: Title ====
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:815
#, no-wrap
msgid "Using the QEMU Window"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:818
msgid ""
"The QEMU window functions as a full FreeBSD console, and is capable of "
"running multiple virtual terminals, just like a bare-metal system."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:822
msgid ""
"To switch to another virtual console, click into the QEMU window and type "
"kbd:[Alt+F2] or kbd:[Alt+F3].  FreeBSD should switch to another virtual "
"console.  crossref:virtualization[qemu-console-ttyv3,Figure "
"{counter:figure}] shows the \"left\" VM displaying the virtual console on "
"`ttyv3`."
msgstr ""

#. type: Positional ($1) AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:823
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:824
#, no-wrap
msgid "Switching to Another Virtual Console in the QEMU Window"
msgstr ""

#. type: Target for macro image
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:824
#, no-wrap
msgid "qemu-freebsd05.png"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:831
msgid ""
"The host current desktop manager or window manager may be already setup for "
"another function with the kbd:[Alt+F1], kbd:[Alt+F2] key sequences.  If so, "
"try typing kbd:[Ctl+Alt+F1], kbd:[Ctl+Alt+F2], or some other similar key "
"combination.  Check the window manager or desktop manager documentation for "
"details."
msgstr ""

#. type: Title ====
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:834
#, no-wrap
msgid "Using the QEMU Window Menus"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:840
msgid ""
"Another feature of the QEMU window is the `View` menu and the Zoom "
"controls.  The most useful is `Zoom to Fit`.  When this menu selection is "
"clicked, it is then possible to resize the QEMU window by clicking the "
"window corner controls and resizing the window.  "
"crossref:virtualization[qemu-zoom-to-fit,Figure {counter:figure}] shows the "
"effect of resizing the \"left\" window while in graphics mode."
msgstr ""

#. type: Positional ($1) AttributeList argument for macro 'image'
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:842
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:843
#, no-wrap
msgid "Using the View Menu `Zoom to Fit` Option"
msgstr ""

#. type: Target for macro image
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:843
#, no-wrap
msgid "qemu-freebsd06.png"
msgstr ""

#. type: Title ====
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:846
#, no-wrap
msgid "Other QEMU Window Menu Options"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:849
msgid "Also shown in the `View` menu are"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:852
msgid ""
"`cirrus-vga`, `serial0`, and `parallel0` options.  These allow for switching "
"input/output to the selected device."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:854
msgid ""
"The QEMU window `Machine` menu allows for four types of control over the "
"guest VM:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:857
msgid ""
"`Pause` allows for pausing the QEMU virtual machine.  This may be helpful in "
"freezing a fast scrolling window."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:859
msgid ""
"`Reset` immediately resets the virtual machine back at cold \"power on\" "
"state.  As with a real machine, it is not recommended unless absolutely "
"necessary."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:860
msgid ""
"`Power Down` simulates an ACPI shutdown signal and the operating system goes "
"through a graceful shutdown."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:861
msgid ""
"`Quit` powers off the virtual machine immediately - also not recommended "
"unless necessary."
msgstr ""

#. type: Title ===
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:863
#, no-wrap
msgid "Adding a Serial Port Interface to a Guest VM"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:866
msgid ""
"To implement a serial console, a guest VM running FreeBSD needs to insert"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:869
#, no-wrap
msgid "console=\"comconsole\"\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:871
msgid ""
"in [.filename]#/boot/loader.conf# to allow the use of the FreeBSD serial "
"console."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:874
msgid ""
"The updated configuration below shows how to implement the serial console on "
"the guest VM.  Run the script to start the VM."
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:881
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# left+serial.sh\n"
"echo\n"
"echo \"NOTE: telnet startup server running on guest VM!\"\n"
"echo \"To start QEMU, start another session and telnet to localhost port 4410\"\n"
"echo\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:896
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"/usr/local/bin/qemu-system-x86_64  -monitor none \\\n"
"  -serial telnet:localhost:4410,server=on,wait=on\\\n"
"  -cpu qemu64 \\\n"
"  -vga std \\\n"
"  -m 4096 \\\n"
"  -smp 4   \\\n"
"  -cdrom ../ISO/fbsd.iso \\\n"
"  -boot order=cd,menu=on \\\n"
"  -blockdev driver=file,aio=threads,node-name=imgleft,filename=../VM/left.img \\\n"
"  -blockdev driver=raw,node-name=drive0,file=imgleft \\\n"
"  -device virtio-blk-pci,drive=drive0,bootindex=1  \\\n"
"  -netdev tap,id=nd0,ifname=tap0,script=no,downscript=no,br=bridge0 \\\n"
"  -device e1000,netdev=nd0,mac=02:20:6c:65:66:74 \\\n"
"  -name \\\"left\\\"\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Block title
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:898
#, no-wrap
msgid "Enabling a Serial Port over TCP"
msgstr ""

#. type: Target for macro image
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:899
#, no-wrap
msgid "qemu-freebsd07.png"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:906
msgid ""
"In crossref:virtualization[qemu-notes-on-serial-console,Figure "
"{counter:figure}], the serial port is redirected to a TCP port on the host "
"system at VM startup and the QEMU monitor waits (`wait=on`) to activate the "
"guest VM until a man:telnet[1] connection occurs on the indicated localhost "
"port.  After receiving a connection from a separate session, the FreeBSD "
"system starts booting and looks for a console directive in [.filename]#/boot/"
"loader.conf#.  With the directive \"console=comconsole\", FreeBSD starts up "
"a console session on a serial port.  The QEMU monitor detects this and "
"directs the necessary character I/O on that serial port to the telnet "
"session on the host.  The system boots and once finished, login prompts are "
"enabled on the serial port (`ttyu0`) and on the console (`ttyv0`)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:910
msgid ""
"It is important to note that the this serial redirect over TCP takes place "
"outside the virtual machine.  There is no interaction with any network on "
"the virtual machine and therefore it is not subject to any firewall rules.  "
"Think of it like a dumb terminal sitting on an RS-232 or USB port on a real "
"machine."
msgstr ""

#. type: Title ====
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:912
#, no-wrap
msgid "Notes on Using the Serial Console"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:915
msgid ""
"On the serial console, if the window is resized, execute man:resizewin[1] to "
"update the terminal size."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:918
msgid ""
"It may be desirable (even necessary) to stop syslog message from being sent "
"to the console (both the QEMU console and the serial port).  Consult "
"man:syslog.conf[5] for details on redirecting console messages."
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:924
msgid ""
"Once the [.filename]#/boot.loader.conf# has been updated to permit a serial "
"console, the guest VM will attempt to boot from the serial port every time.  "
"Ensure that the serial port is enabled as shown in the listing above, or "
"update the [.filename]#/boot/loader.conf# file to not require a serial "
"console."
msgstr ""

#. type: Title ===
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:927
#, no-wrap
msgid "QEMU User Mode Emulation"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:932
msgid ""
"QEMU also supports running applications that are precompiled on an "
"architecture different from the host CPU.  For example, it is possible to "
"run a Sparc64 architecture operating system on an x86_64 host.  This is "
"demonstrated in the next section."
msgstr ""

#. type: Title ====
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:934
#, no-wrap
msgid "Setting up a SPARC64 Guest VM on an x86_64 Host"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:937
msgid ""
"Setting up a new VM with an architecture different from the host involves "
"several steps:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:939
msgid "Getting the software that will run on the guest VM"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:940
msgid "Creating a new disk image for the guest VM"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:941
msgid "Setting up a new QEMU script with the new architecture"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:942
msgid "Performing the install"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:944
msgid ""
"In the following procedure a copy of OpenBSD 6.8 SPARC64 software is used "
"for this QEMU User Mode Emulation exercise."
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:949
msgid ""
"Not all versions of OpenBSD Sparc64 work on QEMU.  OpenBSD version 6.8 is "
"known to work and was selected as the example for this section."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:952
msgid "Download OpenBSD 6.8 Sparc64 from an OpenBSD archive."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:955
msgid ""
"On the OpenBSD download sites, only the most current versions are "
"maintained.  It is necessary to search an archive to obtain past releases."
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:960
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"% cd ~/QEMU/ISO\n"
"% fetch https://mirror.planetunix.net/pub/OpenBSD-archive/6.8/sparc64/install68.iso\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:964
msgid ""
"Creating a new disk image for the Sparc64 VM is similar to the \"right\" VM "
"above.  This case uses the QEMU qcow2 format for the disk:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:969
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"% cd ~/QEMU/VM\n"
"qemu-img create -f qcow2 -o preallocation=full,lazy_refcounts=on sparc64.qcow2 16G\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:973
msgid ""
"Use the script below for the new Sparc64 architecture.  As with the above "
"example, run the script, then start a new session and `telnet` to localhost "
"on the port indicated:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:980
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"echo\n"
"echo \"NOTE: telnet startup server running on guest VM!\"\n"
"echo \"To start QEMU, start another session and telnet to localhost port 4410\"\n"
"echo\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:995
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"/usr/local/bin/qemu-system-sparc64 \\\n"
"  -serial telnet:localhost:4410,server=on,wait=on \\\n"
"  -machine sun4u,usb=off \\\n"
"  -smp 1,sockets=1,cores=1,threads=1 \\\n"
"  -rtc base=utc \\\n"
"  -m 1024 \\\n"
"  -boot d \\\n"
"  -drive file=../VM/sparc64.qcow2,if=none,id=drive-ide0-0-1,format=qcow2,cache=none \\\n"
"  -cdrom ../ISO/install68.iso \\\n"
"  -device ide-hd,bus=ide.0,unit=0,drive=drive-ide0-0-1,id=ide0-0-1 \\\n"
"  -msg timestamp=on \\\n"
"  -net nic,model=sunhme -net user \\\n"
"  -nographic \\\n"
"  -name \\\"sparc64\\\"\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:998
msgid "Note the following:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1000
msgid ""
"The `-boot d` option boots from the QEMU CDROM device which is set as `-"
"cdrom ../ISO/install68.iso`."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1002
msgid ""
"As before, the `telnet` server option is set to wait for a separate "
"connection on port 4410.  Start up another session and use man:telnet[1] to "
"connect to localhost on port 4410."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1004
msgid ""
"The script sets the `-nographic` option meaning there is only serial port I/"
"O.  There is no graphical interface."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1007
msgid ""
"Networking is not set up through the man:tap[4] / man:if_bridge[4] "
"combination.  This example uses a separate method of QEMU networking known "
"as \"Serial Line Internet Protocol\" (SLIRP), sometimes referred to as "
"\"User Mode Networking\".  Documentation on this and other QEMU networking "
"methods is here: link:https://wiki.qemu.org/Documentation/Networking[QEMU "
"Networking Documentation]"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1010
msgid ""
"If everything is set correctly, the system will boot as shown in "
"crossref:virtualization[qemu-sparc64-boot-cdrom-installation,Figure "
"{counter:figure}]."
msgstr ""

#. type: Block title
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1011
#, no-wrap
msgid "QEMU Booting OpenBSD 6.8 Sparc64 from CDROM During User Mode Emulation"
msgstr ""

#. type: Target for macro image
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1012
#, no-wrap
msgid "qemu-freebsd08.png"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1016
msgid ""
"Once the system is installed, modify the script and change the boot "
"parameter to `-boot c`.  This will indicate to QEMU to boot from the "
"supplied hard disk, not the CDROM."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1019
msgid ""
"The installed system can be used just like any other guest virtual machine.  "
"However, the underlying architecture of the guest is Sparc64, not x86_64."
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1023
msgid ""
"If the system is halted at the OpenBios console prompt `0 >`, enter `power-"
"off` to exit the system."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1025
msgid ""
"crossref:virtualization[qemu-sparc64-login-to-installed-system,Figure "
"{counter:figure}] shows a root login to the installed system and running "
"man:uname[1]."
msgstr ""

#. type: Block title
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1027
#, no-wrap
msgid "QEMU Booting from CDROM During User Mode Emulation"
msgstr ""

#. type: Target for macro image
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1028
#, no-wrap
msgid "qemu-freebsd09.png"
msgstr ""

#. type: Title ===
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1031
#, no-wrap
msgid "Using the QEMU Monitor"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1034
msgid ""
"The link:https://www.qemu.org/docs/master/system/monitor.html[QEMU monitor] "
"controls a running QEMU emulator (guest VM)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1036
msgid "Using the monitor, it is possible to:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1038
msgid ""
"Dynamically remove or insert devices, including disks, network interfaces, "
"CD-ROMs, or floppies"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1039
msgid ""
"Freeze/unfreeze the guest VM, and save or restore its state from a disk file"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1040
msgid "Gather information about the state of the VM and devices"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1041
msgid "Change device settings on the fly"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1043
msgid "As well as many other operations."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1046
msgid ""
"The most common uses of the monitor are to examine the state of the VM, and "
"to add, delete, or change devices.  Some operations such as migrations are "
"only available under hypervisor accelerators such as KVM, Xen, etc. and are "
"not supported on FreeBSD hosts."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1048
msgid ""
"When using a graphical desktop environment, the simplest way to use the QEMU "
"monitor is the `-monitor stdio` option when launching QEMU from a terminal "
"session."
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1056
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# /usr/local/bin/qemu-system-x86_64  -monitor stdio \\\n"
"  -cpu qemu64 \\\n"
"  -vga cirrus \\\n"
"  -m 4096  -smp 4   \\\n"
"  ...\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1060
msgid ""
"This results in a new prompt `(qemu)` in the terminal window as shown in "
"crossref:virtualization[qemu-monitor-operation,Figure {counter:figure}]."
msgstr ""

#. type: Block title
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1062
#, no-wrap
msgid "QEMU Monitor Prompt and \"stop\" Command"
msgstr ""

#. type: Target for macro image
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1063
#, no-wrap
msgid "qemu-freebsd13.png"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1067
msgid ""
"The image also shows the `stop` command freezing the system during the "
"FreeBSD boot sequence.  The system will remain frozen until the `cont` "
"command is entered in the monitor."
msgstr ""

#. type: Title ====
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1069
#, no-wrap
msgid "Adding a New Disk to the VM"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1072
msgid ""
"To add a new disk to a running VM, the disk needs to be prepared as above:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1077
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"% cd ~/QEMU/VM\n"
"% qemu-img create -f raw  new10G.img  10G\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1082
msgid ""
"crossref:virtualization[qemu-add-new-disk-figure,Figure {counter:figure}] "
"shows the monitor command sequence needed to add a new disk in the VM.  Once "
"the device has been added with the `device_add` command in the monitor it "
"shows up on the FreeBSD system console shown in the lower part of the "
"figure.  The disk can be configured as needed."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1084
msgid ""
"Note that the new disk must be added to the startup script if it is to be "
"used after a VM reboot."
msgstr ""

#. type: Block title
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1086
#, no-wrap
msgid "QEMU Monitor Commands to Add a New Disk"
msgstr ""

#. type: Target for macro image
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1087
#, no-wrap
msgid "qemu-freebsd14.png"
msgstr ""

#. type: Title ====
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1090
#, no-wrap
msgid "Using the QEMU Monitor to Manage Snapshots"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1097
msgid ""
"QEMU's documentation describes several similar concepts when using the term "
"*snapshot*.  There is the `-snapshot` option on the command line which "
"refers to using a drive or portion of a drive to contain a copy of a "
"device.  Then there are the monitor commands `snapshot_blkdev` and "
"`snapshot_blkdev_internal` which describe the actual act of copying the "
"blockdev device.  Finally, there are the monitor commands `savevm`, "
"`loadvm`, and `delvm` commands which refer to creating and saving, loading, "
"or deleting a copy of an entire virtual machine.  Along with the latter, the "
"monitor `info snapshots` command lists out details of recent snapshots."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1099
msgid ""
"This section will focus on creating, saving, and loading a complete VM image "
"and will use the term *snapshot* for this purpose."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1101
msgid ""
"To start, recreate the \"left\" VM from scratch, this time using the `qcow2` "
"format."
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1109
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"% cd ~/QEMU/VM\n"
"% rm left.img\n"
"% qemu-img create -f qcow2 left.qcow2 16G  # Clean file for a new FreeBSD installation.\n"
"% cd ../SCRIPTS\n"
"# /bin/sh left.sh                     # See the below program listing.\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1112
msgid ""
"Once the installation is complete, reboot, this time using the `-monitor "
"stdio` option to allow use of the monitor."
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1129
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# left VM script.\n"
"/usr/local/bin/qemu-system-x86_64  -monitor stdio \\\n"
"  -cpu qemu64 \\\n"
"  -vga std \\\n"
"  -m 4096 \\\n"
"  -smp 4   \\\n"
"  -cdrom ../ISO/fbsd.iso \\\n"
"  -boot order=cd,menu=on \\\n"
"  -blockdev driver=file,aio=threads,node-name=imgleft,filename=../VM/left.qcow2 \\\n"
"  -blockdev driver=qcow2,node-name=drive0,file=imgleft \\\n"
"  -device virtio-blk-pci,drive=drive0,bootindex=1  \\\n"
"  -netdev tap,id=nd0,ifname=tap0,script=no,downscript=no,br=bridge0 \\\n"
"  -device e1000,netdev=nd0,mac=02:20:6c:65:66:74 \\\n"
"  -name \\\"left\\\"\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1132
msgid "To demonstrate snapshots, the following procedure can be used:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1134
msgid "Install FreeBSD from scratch"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1135
msgid ""
"Prepare the environment and take a snapshot with the `savevm` monitor command"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1136
msgid "Install several packages"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1137
msgid "Shut down the system"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1138
msgid ""
"Restart a bare QEMU instance and utilize the monitor command `loadvm` to "
"restore the VM"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1139
msgid "Observe that the restored VM does not have any packages"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1143
msgid ""
"During the \"Prepare the environment\" step, in a separate virtual console "
"(ttyv1), an editing session with man:vi[1] is initiated simulating user "
"activity.  Additional programs may be started if desired.  The snapshot "
"should account for the state of all applications running at the time the "
"snapshot is taken."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1146
msgid ""
"crossref:virtualization[qemu-using-monitor-snapshots,Figure "
"{counter:figure}] shows the newly installed FreeBSD system with no packages, "
"and separately, the editing session on ttyv1.  The man:vi[1] editor is "
"currently in `insert` mode with the typist typing the word \"broadcast\"."
msgstr ""

#. type: Block title
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1148
#, no-wrap
msgid "QEMU VM Before First Snapshot"
msgstr ""

#. type: Target for macro image
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1149
#, no-wrap
msgid "qemu-freebsd15.png"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1153
msgid ""
"To generate the snapshot, enter `savevm` in the monitor.  Be sure to give it "
"a tag (such as `original_install`)."
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1159
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"QEMU 9.0.1 monitor - type 'help' for more information\n"
"(qemu)\n"
"(qemu) savevm original_install\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1163
msgid ""
"Next, in the main console window, install a package, such as man:zip[1] "
"which has no dependencies.  Once that completes, renter the monitor and "
"create another snapshot (`snap1_pkg+zip`)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1165
msgid ""
"crossref:virtualization[qemu-after-monitor-snapshots,Figure "
"{counter:figure}] shows the results of the above commands and the output of "
"the `info shapshots` command."
msgstr ""

#. type: Block title
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1167
#, no-wrap
msgid "QEMU Using Monitor Commands for Snapshots"
msgstr ""

#. type: Target for macro image
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1168
#, no-wrap
msgid "qemu-freebsd16.png"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1172
msgid ""
"Reboot the system, and before FreeBSD starts up, switch to the monitor and "
"enter `stop`.  The VM will stop."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1174
msgid "Enter `loadvm` with the tag used above (here `original_install`)."
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1181
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"QEMU 9.0.1 monitor - type 'help' for more information\n"
"(qemu) stop\n"
"(qemu) loadvm original_install\n"
"(qemu) cont\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1185
msgid ""
"Immediately, the VM screen will switch to the exact moment the `savevm` "
"command was entered above.  Note that the VM is still stopped."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1189
msgid ""
"Enter `cont` to start the VM, switch to the editing session on `ttyv1`, and "
"type one letter on the keyboard.  The editor, still in insert mode, should "
"respond accordingly.  Any other programs running at the time the snapshot "
"was taken should be unaffected."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1191
msgid ""
"The above steps show how a snapshot can be taken, the system modified, and "
"then \"rolled back\" by restoring the previous snapshot."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1195
msgid ""
"By default QEMU stores snapshot data in the same file as the image.  View "
"the list of snapshots with man:qemu-img[1] as shown below in "
"crossref:virtualization[qemu-examine-monitor-snapshots,Figure "
"{counter:figure}]."
msgstr ""

#. type: Block title
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1197
#, no-wrap
msgid "QEMU Using man:qemu-img[1] to Examine Snapshots"
msgstr ""

#. type: Target for macro image
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1198
#, no-wrap
msgid "qemu-freebsd17.png"
msgstr ""

#. type: Title ===
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1201
#, no-wrap
msgid "Using QEMU USB Devices"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1205
msgid ""
"QEMU supports the creation of virtual USB devices that are backed by an "
"image file.  These are virtual USB devices that can be partitioned, "
"formatted, mounted, and used just like a real USB device."
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1225
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"/usr/local/bin/qemu-system-x86_64  -monitor stdio \\\n"
"  -cpu qemu64 \\\n"
"  -vga cirrus \\\n"
"  -m 4096  -smp 4   \\\n"
"  -cdrom ../ISO/fbsd.iso \\\n"
"  -boot order=cd,menu=on \\\n"
"  -drive if=none,id=usbstick,format=raw,file=../VM/foo.img \\\n"
"  -usb \\\n"
"  -device usb-ehci,id=ehci \\\n"
"  -device usb-storage,bus=ehci.0,drive=usbstick \\\n"
"  -device usb-mouse \\\n"
"  -blockdev driver=file,node-name=img1,filename=../VM/right.qcow2 \\\n"
"  -blockdev driver=qcow2,node-name=drive0,file=img1 \\\n"
"  -device virtio-blk-pci,drive=drive0,bootindex=1  \\\n"
"  -netdev tap,id=nd0,ifname=tap1,script=no,downscript=no,br=bridge0 \\\n"
"  -device e1000,netdev=nd0,mac=02:72:69:67:68:74 \\\n"
"  -name \\\"right\\\"\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1230
msgid ""
"This configuration includes a `-drive` specification with the `id=usbstick`, "
"raw format, and an image file (must be created by man:qemu-img[1]).  The "
"next line contains the `-device usb-ehci` specification for a USB EHCI "
"controller, with `id=ehci`.  Finally, a `-device usb-storage` specification "
"ties the above drive to the EHCI USB bus."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1234
msgid ""
"When the system is booted, FreeBSD will recognize a USB hub, add the "
"attached USB device, and assign it to `da0` as shown in "
"crossref:virtualization[qemu-usb-internal-storage,Figure {counter:figure}]."
msgstr ""

#. type: Block title
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1236
#, no-wrap
msgid "QEMU Created USB Hub and Mass Storage Device"
msgstr ""

#. type: Target for macro image
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1237
#, no-wrap
msgid "qemu-freebsd12.png"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1241
msgid ""
"The device is ready to be partitioned with man:gpart[8], and formatted with "
"man:newfs[8].  Because the USB device is backed by a man:qemu-img[1] created "
"file, data written to the device will persist across reboots."
msgstr ""

#. type: Title ===
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1243
#, no-wrap
msgid "Using Host USB Devices via Passthrough"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1247
msgid ""
"QEMU USB passthrough support is listed as experimental in version 9.0.1 "
"(Summer, 2024).  However, the following steps show how a USB stick mounted "
"on the host can be used by the guest VM."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1249
msgid "For more information and examples, see:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1251
msgid "link:https://www.qemu.org/docs/master/system/devices/usb.html[]"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1253
msgid ""
"The upper part of crossref:virtualization[qemu-usb-passthrough,Figure "
"{counter:figure}] shows the QEMU monitor commands:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1258
msgid ""
"`info usbhost` shows information about all USB devices on the host system.  "
"Find the desired USB device on the host system and note the two hexadecimal "
"values on that line.  (In the example below the host USB device is a Memorex "
"Mini, with vendorid 0718, and productid 0619.)  Use the two values shown by "
"the `info usbhost` command in the `device_add` step below."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1259
msgid "`device_add` adds a USB device to the guest VM."
msgstr ""

#. type: Block title
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1261
#, no-wrap
msgid "QEMU Monitor Commands to Access a USB Device on the Host"
msgstr ""

#. type: Target for macro image
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1262
#, no-wrap
msgid "qemu-freebsd18.png"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1265
msgid ""
"As before, once `device_add` completes, the FreeBSD kernel recognizes a new "
"USB device, as shown in the lower half of the ."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1268
msgid ""
"Using the new device is shown in crossref:virtualization[qemu-usb-"
"passthrough2,Figure {counter:figure}]."
msgstr ""

#. type: Block title
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1270
#, no-wrap
msgid "Using the Host USB Device via Passthrough"
msgstr ""

#. type: Target for macro image
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1271
#, no-wrap
msgid "qemu-freebsd19.png"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1276
msgid ""
"If the USB device is formatted as a FAT16 or FAT32 filesystem it can be "
"mounted as an MS-DOS(TM) filesystem with man:mount_msdosfs[8] as in the "
"example shown.  The `/etc/hosts` file is copied to the newly mounted drive "
"and checksums are taken to verify the integrity of the file on the USB "
"device.  The device is then unmounted with man:umount[8]."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1278
msgid ""
"If the USB device is formatted with NTFS it is necessary to install the "
"`fusefs-ntfs` package and use man:ntfs-3g[8] to access the device:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1285
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# pkg install fusefs-ntfs\n"
"# kldload fusefs\n"
"# gpart show da1\n"
"# ntfs-3g /dev/da1s1 /mnt\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1287
#, no-wrap
msgid "Access the drive as needed.  When finished:\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1289
#, no-wrap
msgid "# umount /mnt\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1293
msgid ""
"Change the above device identifiers to match the installed hardware.  "
"Consult man:ntfs-3g[8] for additional information on working with NTFS "
"filesystems."
msgstr ""

#. type: Title ===
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1295
#, no-wrap
msgid "QEMU on FreeBSD Summary"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1298
msgid ""
"As noted above, QEMU works with several different hypervisor accelerators."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1300
msgid ""
"The list of link:https://www.qemu.org/docs/master/system/"
"introduction.html#virtualisation-accelerators[Virtualization Accelerators] "
"supported by QEMU includes:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1302
msgid "`KVM` on Linux supporting 64 bit Arm, MIPS, PPC, RISC-V, s390x, and x86"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1303
msgid "`Xen` on Linux as dom0 supporting Arm, x86"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1304
msgid ""
"`Hypervisor Framework (hvf)` on MacOS supporting x86 and Arm (both 64 bit "
"only)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1305
msgid "`Windows Hypervisor Platform (whpx)` on Windows supporting x86"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1306
msgid "`NetBSD Virtual Machine Monitor (nvmm)` on NetBSD supporting x86"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1307
msgid ""
"`Tiny Code Generator (tcg)` on Linux and other POSIX, Windows, MacOS "
"supporting Arm, x86, Loongarch64, MIPS, PPC, s390x, and Sparc64."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1309
msgid ""
"All the examples in this section used the `Tiny Code Generator (tcg)` "
"accelerator as that is the only supported accelerator on FreeBSD at present."
msgstr ""

#. type: Title ==
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1311
#, no-wrap
msgid "FreeBSD as a Host with bhyve"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1317
msgid ""
"The bhyve BSD-licensed hypervisor became part of the base system with "
"FreeBSD 10.0-RELEASE.  This hypervisor supports several guests, including "
"FreeBSD, OpenBSD, many Linux(R) distributions, and Microsoft Windows(R).  By "
"default, bhyve provides access to a serial console and does not emulate a "
"graphical console.  Virtualization offload features of newer CPUs are used "
"to avoid the legacy methods of translating instructions and manually "
"managing memory mappings."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1319
msgid "The bhyve design requires"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1321
msgid "an Intel(R) processor that supports Intel Extended Page Tables (EPT),"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1322
msgid ""
"or an AMD(R) processor that supports AMD Rapid Virtualization Indexing "
"(RVI), or Nested Page Tables (NPT),"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1323
msgid "or an ARM(R) aarch64 CPU."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1326
msgid ""
"Only pure ARMv8.0 virtualization is supported on ARM, the Virtualization "
"Host Extensions are not currently used.  Hosting Linux(R) guests or FreeBSD "
"guests with more than one vCPU requires VMX unrestricted mode support (UG)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1328
msgid ""
"The easiest way to tell if an Intel or AMD processor supports bhyve is to "
"run `dmesg` or look in [.filename]#/var/run/dmesg.boot# for the `POPCNT` "
"processor feature flag on the `Features2` line for AMD(R) processors or "
"`EPT` and `UG` on the `VT-x` line for Intel(R) processors."
msgstr ""

#. type: Title ===
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1330
#, no-wrap
msgid "Preparing the Host"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1334
msgid ""
"The first step to creating a virtual machine in bhyve is configuring the "
"host system.  First, load the bhyve kernel module:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1338
#, no-wrap
msgid "# kldload vmm\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1343
msgid ""
"There are several ways to connect a virtual machine guest to a host's "
"network; one straightforward way to accomplish this is to create a "
"[.filename]#tap# interface for the network device in the virtual machine to "
"attach to.  For the network device to participate in the network, also "
"create a bridge interface containing the [.filename]#tap# interface and the "
"physical interface as members.  In this example, the physical interface is "
"_igb0_:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1352
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# ifconfig tap0 create\n"
"# sysctl net.link.tap.up_on_open=1\n"
"net.link.tap.up_on_open: 0 -> 1\n"
"# ifconfig bridge0 create\n"
"# ifconfig bridge0 addm igb0 addm tap0\n"
"# ifconfig bridge0 up\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Title ===
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1355
#, no-wrap
msgid "Creating a FreeBSD Guest"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1359
msgid ""
"Create a file to use as the virtual disk for the guest machine.  Specify the "
"size and name of the virtual disk:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1363
#, no-wrap
msgid "# truncate -s 16G guest.img\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1366
msgid "Download an installation image of FreeBSD to install:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1371
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# fetch https://download.freebsd.org/releases/ISO-IMAGES/14.0/FreeBSD-14.0-RELEASE-amd64-bootonly.iso\n"
"FreeBSD-14.0-RELEASE-amd64-bootonly.iso                426 MB   16 MBps    22s\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1376
msgid ""
"FreeBSD comes with an example script `vmrun.sh` for running a virtual "
"machine in bhyve.  It will start the virtual machine and run it in a loop, "
"so it will automatically restart if it crashes.  `vmrun.sh` takes several "
"options to control the configuration of the machine, including:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1378
msgid "`-c` controls the number of virtual CPUs,"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1379
msgid "`-m` limits the amount of memory available to the guest,"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1380
msgid "`-t` defines which [.filename]#tap# device to use,"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1381
msgid "`-d` indicates which disk image to use,"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1382
msgid "`-i` tells bhyve to boot from the CD image instead of the disk, and"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1383
msgid "`-I` defines which CD image to use."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1386
msgid ""
"The last parameter is the name of the virtual machine and is used to track "
"the running machines.  The following command lists all available program "
"argument options:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1390
#, no-wrap
msgid "# sh /usr/share/examples/bhyve/vmrun.sh -h\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1393
msgid "This example starts the virtual machine in installation mode:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1398
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# sh /usr/share/examples/bhyve/vmrun.sh -c 1 -m 1024M -t tap0 -d guest.img \\\n"
"     -i -I FreeBSD-14.0-RELEASE-amd64-bootonly.iso guestname\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1402
msgid ""
"The virtual machine will boot and start the installer.  After installing a "
"system in the virtual machine, when the system asks about dropping into a "
"shell at the end of the installation, choose btn:[Yes]."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1407
msgid ""
"Reboot the virtual machine.  While rebooting the virtual machine causes "
"bhyve to exit, the [.filename]#vmrun.sh# script runs `bhyve` in a loop and "
"will automatically restart it.  When this happens, choose the reboot option "
"from the boot loader menu to escape the loop.  Now the guest can be started "
"from the virtual disk:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1411
#, no-wrap
msgid "# sh /usr/share/examples/bhyve/vmrun.sh -c 4 -m 1024M -t tap0 -d guest.img guestname\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Title ===
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1414
#, no-wrap
msgid "Creating a Linux(R) Guest"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1417
msgid ""
"Linux guests can be booted either like any other regular "
"crossref:virtualization[virtualization-bhyve-uefi,\"UEFI-based guest\"] "
"virtual machine, or alternatively, use the package:sysutils/grub2-bhyve[] "
"port."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1419
msgid ""
"To do this, first ensure that the port is installed, then create a file to "
"use as the virtual disk for the guest machine:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1423
#, no-wrap
msgid "# truncate -s 16G linux.img\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1426
msgid ""
"Starting a Linux virtual machine with `grub2-bhyve` is a two-step process."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1428
msgid "First a kernel must be loaded, then the guest can be started."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1429
msgid "The Linux(R) kernel is loaded with package:sysutils/grub2-bhyve[]."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1431
msgid ""
"Create a [.filename]#device.map# that grub will use to map the virtual "
"devices to the files on the host system:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1436
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(hd0) ./linux.img\n"
"(cd0) ./somelinux.iso\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1439
msgid ""
"Use package:sysutils/grub2-bhyve[] to load the Linux(R) kernel from the ISO "
"image:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1443
#, no-wrap
msgid "# grub-bhyve -m device.map -r cd0 -M 1024M linuxguest\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1448
msgid ""
"This will start grub.  If the installation CD contains a "
"[.filename]#grub.cfg#, a menu will be displayed.  If not, the `vmlinuz` and "
"`initrd` files must be located and loaded manually:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1459
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"grub> ls\n"
"(hd0) (cd0) (cd0,msdos1) (host)\n"
"grub> ls (cd0)/isolinux\n"
"boot.cat boot.msg grub.conf initrd.img isolinux.bin isolinux.cfg memtest\n"
"splash.jpg TRANS.TBL vesamenu.c32 vmlinuz\n"
"grub> linux (cd0)/isolinux/vmlinuz\n"
"grub> initrd (cd0)/isolinux/initrd.img\n"
"grub> boot\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1462
msgid "Now that the Linux(R) kernel is loaded, the guest can be started:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1468
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# bhyve -A -H -P -s 0:0,hostbridge -s 1:0,lpc -s 2:0,virtio-net,tap0 \\\n"
"    -s 3:0,virtio-blk,./linux.img -s 4:0,ahci-cd,./somelinux.iso \\\n"
"    -l com1,stdio -c 4 -m 1024M linuxguest\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1474
msgid ""
"The system will boot and start the installer.  After installing a system in "
"the virtual machine, reboot the virtual machine.  This will cause bhyve to "
"exit.  The instance of the virtual machine needs to be destroyed before it "
"can be started again:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1478
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1514
#, no-wrap
msgid "# bhyvectl --destroy --vm=linuxguest\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1482
msgid ""
"Now the guest can be started directly from the virtual disk.  Load the "
"kernel:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1496
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# grub-bhyve -m device.map -r hd0,msdos1 -M 1024M linuxguest\n"
"grub> ls\n"
"(hd0) (hd0,msdos2) (hd0,msdos1) (cd0) (cd0,msdos1) (host)\n"
"(lvm/VolGroup-lv_swap) (lvm/VolGroup-lv_root)\n"
"grub> ls (hd0,msdos1)/\n"
"lost+found/ grub/ efi/ System.map-2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64 config-2.6.32-431.el6.x\n"
"86_64 symvers-2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64.gz vmlinuz-2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64\n"
"initramfs-2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64.img\n"
"grub> linux (hd0,msdos1)/vmlinuz-2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64 root=/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root\n"
"grub> initrd (hd0,msdos1)/initramfs-2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64.img\n"
"grub> boot\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1499
msgid "Boot the virtual machine:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1504
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# bhyve -A -H -P -s 0:0,hostbridge -s 1:0,lpc -s 2:0,virtio-net,tap0 \\\n"
"    -s 3:0,virtio-blk,./linux.img -l com1,stdio -c 4 -m 1024M linuxguest\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1510
msgid ""
"Linux(R) will now boot in the virtual machine and eventually presents the "
"login prompt.  Login and use the virtual machine.  When finished, reboot the "
"virtual machine to exit bhyve.  Destroy the virtual machine instance:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Title ===
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1517
#, no-wrap
msgid "Booting bhyve Virtual Machines with UEFI Firmware"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1521
msgid ""
"In addition to `bhyveload` and `grub-bhyve`, the bhyve hypervisor can also "
"boot virtual machines using the UEFI firmware.  This option may support "
"guest operating systems that are not supported by the other loaders."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1524
msgid ""
"To make use of the UEFI support in bhyve, first obtain the UEFI firmware "
"images.  This can be done by installing package:sysutils/bhyve-firmware[] "
"port or package."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1527
msgid ""
"With the firmware in place, add the flags `-l bootrom,_/path/to/firmware_` "
"to the bhyve command line.  The actual bhyve command may look like this:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1535
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# bhyve -AHP -s 0:0,hostbridge -s 1:0,lpc \\\n"
"  \t-s 2:0,virtio-net,tap1 -s 3:0,virtio-blk,./disk.img \\\n"
"\t-s 4:0,ahci-cd,./install.iso -c 4 -m 1024M \\\n"
"\t-l bootrom,/usr/local/share/uefi-firmware/BHYVE_UEFI.fd \\\n"
"\tguest\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1540
msgid ""
"To allow a guest to store UEFI variables, use a variables file appended to "
"the `-l` flag.  Note that bhyve will write guest modifications to the given "
"variables file.  Therefore, be sure to first create a per-guest-copy of the "
"variables template file:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1544
#, no-wrap
msgid "# cp /usr/local/share/uefi-firmware/BHYVE_UEFI_VARS.fd /path/to/vm-image/BHYVE_UEFI_VARS.fd\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1547
msgid "Then, add that variables file to the bhyve arguments:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1555
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# bhyve -AHP -s 0:0,hostbridge -s 1:0,lpc \\\n"
"  \t-s 2:0,virtio-net,tap1 -s 3:0,virtio-blk,./disk.img \\\n"
"\t-s 4:0,ahci-cd,./install.iso -c 4 -m 1024M \\\n"
"\t-l bootrom,/usr/local/share/uefi-firmware/BHYVE_UEFI.fd,/path/to/vm-image/BHYVE_UEFI_VARS.fd \\\n"
"\tguest\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1561
msgid ""
"Some Linux distributions require the use of UEFI variables to store the path "
"for their UEFI boot file (using `linux64.efi` or `grubx64.efi` instead of "
"`bootx64.efi`, for example).  It is therefore recommended to use a variables "
"file for Linux virtual machines to avoid having to manually alter the boot "
"partition files."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1564
msgid ""
"To view or modify the variables file contents, use man:efivar[8] from the "
"host."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1566
msgid ""
"package:sysutils/bhyve-firmware[] also contains a CSM-enabled firmware, to "
"boot guests with no UEFI support in legacy BIOS mode:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1574
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# bhyve -AHP -s 0:0,hostbridge -s 1:0,lpc \\\n"
"  \t-s 2:0,virtio-net,tap1 -s 3:0,virtio-blk,./disk.img \\\n"
"\t-s 4:0,ahci-cd,./install.iso -c 4 -m 1024M \\\n"
"\t-l bootrom,/usr/local/share/uefi-firmware/BHYVE_UEFI_CSM.fd \\\n"
"\tguest\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Title ===
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1577
#, no-wrap
msgid "Graphical UEFI Framebuffer for bhyve Guests"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1580
msgid ""
"The UEFI firmware support is particularly useful with predominantly "
"graphical guest operating systems such as Microsoft Windows(R)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1585
msgid ""
"Support for the UEFI-GOP framebuffer may also be enabled with the `-s "
"29,fbuf,tcp=_0.0.0.0:5900_` flags.  The framebuffer resolution may be "
"configured with `w=_800_` and `h=_600_`, and bhyve can be instructed to wait "
"for a VNC connection before booting the guest by adding `wait`.  The "
"framebuffer may be accessed from the host or over the network via the VNC "
"protocol.  Additionally, `-s 30,xhci,tablet` can be added to achieve precise "
"mouse cursor synchronization with the host."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1587
msgid "The resulting bhyve command would look like this:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1597
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# bhyve -AHP -s 0:0,hostbridge -s 31:0,lpc \\\n"
"  \t-s 2:0,virtio-net,tap1 -s 3:0,virtio-blk,./disk.img \\\n"
"\t-s 4:0,ahci-cd,./install.iso -c 4 -m 1024M \\\n"
"\t-s 29,fbuf,tcp=0.0.0.0:5900,w=800,h=600,wait \\\n"
"\t-s 30,xhci,tablet \\\n"
"\t-l bootrom,/usr/local/share/uefi-firmware/BHYVE_UEFI.fd \\\n"
"\tguest\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1600
msgid ""
"Note, in BIOS emulation mode, the framebuffer will cease receiving updates "
"once control is passed from firmware to guest operating system."
msgstr ""

#. type: Title ===
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1602
#, no-wrap
msgid "Creating a Microsoft Windows(R) Guest"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1606
msgid ""
"Setting up a guest for Windows versions 10 or earlier can be done directly "
"from the original installation media and is a relatively straightforward "
"process.  Aside from minimum resource requirements, running Windows as guest "
"requires"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1608
msgid "wiring virtual machine memory (flag `-w`) and"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1609
msgid "booting with an UEFI bootrom."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1611
msgid ""
"An example for booting a virtual machine guest with a Windows installation "
"ISO:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1625
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"bhyve \\\n"
"      -c 2 \\\n"
"      -s 0,hostbridge \\\n"
"      -s 3,nvme,windows2016.img \\\n"
"      -s 4,ahci-cd,install.iso \\\n"
"      -s 10,virtio-net,tap0 \\\n"
"      -s 31,lpc \\\n"
"      -s 30,xhci,tablet \\\n"
"      -l bootrom,/usr/local/share/uefi-firmware/BHYVE_UEFI.fd \\\n"
"      -m 8G -H -w \\\n"
"      windows2016\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1628
msgid ""
"Only one or two VCPUs should be used during installation but this number can "
"be increased once Windows is installed."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1632
msgid ""
"link:https://github.com/virtio-win/virtio-win-pkg-scripts/blob/master/"
"README.md[VirtIO drivers] must be installed to use the defined `virtio-net` "
"network interface.  An alternative is to switch to E1000 (Intel E82545) "
"emulation by changing `virtio-net` to `e1000` in the above command line.  "
"However, performance will be impacted."
msgstr ""

#. type: Title ====
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1634
#, no-wrap
msgid "Creating a Windows 11 Guest"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1640
msgid ""
"Beginning with Windows 11, Microsoft introduced a hardware requirement for a "
"TPM 2 module.  bhyve supports passing a hardware TPM through to a guest.  "
"The installation media can be modified to disable the relevant hardware "
"checks.  A detailed description for this process can be found on the "
"link:https://wiki.freebsd.org/bhyve/Windows#iso-remaster[FreeBSD Wiki]."
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1645
msgid ""
"Modifying Windows installation media and running Windows guests without a "
"TPM module are unsupported by the manufacturer.  Consider the application "
"and use case before implementing such approaches."
msgstr ""

#. type: Title ===
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1648
#, no-wrap
msgid "Using ZFS with bhyve Guests"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1652
msgid ""
"If ZFS is available on the host machine, using ZFS volumes instead of disk "
"image files can provide significant performance benefits for the guest VMs.  "
"A ZFS volume can be created by:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1656
#, no-wrap
msgid "# zfs create -V16G -o volmode=dev zroot/linuxdisk0\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1659
msgid "When starting the VM, specify the ZFS volume as the disk drive:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1665
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# bhyve -A -H -P -s 0:0,hostbridge -s 1:0,lpc -s 2:0,virtio-net,tap0 \\\n"
"  \t-s3:0,virtio-blk,/dev/zvol/zroot/linuxdisk0 \\\n"
"\t-l com1,stdio -c 4 -m 1024M linuxguest\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1670
msgid ""
"When using ZFS for the host as well as inside a guest, keep in mind the "
"competing memory pressure of both systems caching the virtual machine's "
"contents.  To alleviate this, consider setting the host's ZFS filesystems to "
"use metadata-only cache.  To do this, apply the following settings to ZFS "
"filesystems on the host, replacing `<name>` with the name of the specific "
"zvol dataset name of the virtual machine."
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1674
#, no-wrap
msgid "# zfs set primarycache=metadata <name>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Title ===
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1677
#, no-wrap
msgid "Creating a Virtual Machine Snapshot"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1683
msgid ""
"Modern hypervisors allow their users to create \"snapshots\" of their state; "
"such a snapshot includes a guest's disk, CPU, and memory contents.  A "
"snapshot can usually be taken independent of whether the guest is running or "
"shut down.  One can then reset and return the virtual machine to the precise "
"state when the snapshot was taken."
msgstr ""

#. type: Title ====
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1685
#, no-wrap
msgid "ZFS Snapshots"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1688
msgid ""
"Using ZFS volumes as the backing storage for a virtual machine enables the "
"snapshotting of the guest's disk. For example:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1692
#, no-wrap
msgid "zfs snapshot zroot/path/to/zvol@snapshot_name\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1697
msgid ""
"Though it is possible to snapshot a ZFS volume this way while the guest is "
"running, keep in mind that the contents of the virtual disk may be in an "
"inconsistent state while the guest is active.  It is therefore recommended "
"to first shutdown or pause the guest before executing this command.  Pausing "
"a guest is not supported by default and needs to be enabled first (see "
"crossref:virtualization[virtualization-bhyve-snapshot-builtin,Memory and CPU "
"Snapshots])"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1702
msgid ""
"Rolling back a ZFS zvol to a snapshot while a virtual machine is using it "
"may corrupt the file system contents and crash the guest.  All unsaved data "
"in the guest will be lost and modifications since the last snapshot may get "
"destroyed."
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1705
msgid ""
"A second rollback may be required once the virtual machine is shut down to "
"restore the file system to a useable state.  This in turn will ultimately "
"destroy any changes made after the snapshot."
msgstr ""

#. type: Title ====
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1708
#, no-wrap
msgid "Memory and CPU Snapshots (Experimental Feature)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1712
msgid ""
"As of FreeBSD 13, bhyve has an experimental \"snapshot\" feature for dumping "
"a guest's memory and CPU state to a file and then halting the virtual "
"machine.  The guest can be resumed from the snapshot file contents later."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1715
msgid ""
"However, this feature is not enabled by default and requires the system to "
"be rebuilt from source.  See crossref:cutting-edge[updating-src-building, "
"Building from Source] for an in-depth description on the process of "
"compiling the kernel with custom options."
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1720
msgid ""
"The functionality is not ready for production use and limited to work for "
"specific virtual machine configurations.  There are multiple limitations:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1722
msgid "`nvme` and `virtio-blk` storage backends do not work yet"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1723
msgid ""
"snapshots are only supported when the guest uses a single kind of each "
"device, i.e. if there is more than one `ahci-hd` disk attached, snapshot "
"creation will fail"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1724
msgid ""
"additionally, the feature may be reasonably stable on Intel, but it probably "
"won't work on AMD CPUs."
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1729
msgid ""
"Make sure the [.filename]#/usr/src# directory is up-to date before taking "
"the following steps. See crossref:cutting-edge[updating-src-obtaining-src, "
"Updating the Source] for the detailed procedure how to do this."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1732
msgid "First, add the following to [.filename]#/etc/src.conf#:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1738
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"WITH_BHYVE_SNAPHOT=yes\n"
"BHYVE_SNAPSHOT=1\n"
"MK_BHYVE_SNAPSHOT=yes\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1743
msgid "If the system was partially or wholly rebuilt, it is recommended to run"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1748
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# cd /usr/src\n"
"# make cleanworld\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1751
msgid "before proceeding."
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1754
msgid ""
"Then follow the steps outlined in the crossref:cutting-edge[updating-src-"
"quick-start,\"Quick Start section of the Updating FreeBSD from Source\"] "
"chapter to build and install world and kernel."
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1756
msgid "To verify successful activation of the snapshot feature, enter"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1760
#, no-wrap
msgid "# bhyvectl --usage\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1764
msgid ""
"and check if the output lists a `--suspend` flag.  If the flag is missing, "
"the feature did not activate correctly."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1766
msgid "Then, snapshot and suspend a running virtual machine of choice:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1770
#, no-wrap
msgid "# bhyvectl --vm=vmname --suspend=/path/to/snapshot/filename\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1776
msgid ""
"Provide an absolute path and filename to `--suspend`.  Otherwise, bhyve will "
"write snapshot data to whichever directory bhyve was started from."
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1779
msgid ""
"Make sure to write the snapshot data to a secure directory.  The generated "
"output contains a full memory dump of the guest and may thus contain "
"sensitive data (i.e. passwords)!"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1782
msgid "This creates three files:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1784
msgid "memory snapshot - named like the input to `--suspend`"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1785
msgid ""
"kernel file - name like the input to `--suspend` with the suffix "
"[.filename]#.kern#"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1786
msgid ""
"metadata - contains meta data about the system state, named with the suffix "
"[.filename]#.meta#"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1788
msgid "To restore a guest from a snapshot, use the `-r` flag with `bhyve`:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1792
#, no-wrap
msgid "# bhyve -r /path/to/snapshot/filename\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1796
msgid ""
"Restoring a guest snapshot on a different CPU architecture will not work.  "
"Generally, attempting to restore on a system not identical to the snapshot "
"creator will likely fail."
msgstr ""

#. type: Title ===
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1798
#, no-wrap
msgid "Jailing bhyve"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1802
msgid ""
"For improved security and separation of virtual machines from the host "
"operating system, it is possible to run bhyve in a jail.  See "
"crossref:jails[,Jails] for an in-depth description of jails and their "
"security benefits."
msgstr ""

#. type: Title ====
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1804
#, no-wrap
msgid "Creating a Jail for bhyve"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1807
msgid ""
"First, create a jail environment. If using a UFS file system, simply run:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1811
#, no-wrap
msgid "# mkdir -p /jails/bhyve\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1814
msgid "If using a crossref:zfs[,ZFS filesystem], use the following commands:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1819
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# zfs create zroot/jails\n"
"# zfs create zroot/jails/bhyve\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1822
msgid "Then create a ZFS zvol for the virtual machine `bhyvevm0`:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1827
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# zfs create zroot/vms\n"
"# zfs create -V 20G zroot/vms/bhyvevm0\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1830
msgid ""
"If not using ZFS, use the following commands to create a disk image file "
"directly in the jail directory structure:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1835
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# mkdir /jails/bhyve/vms\n"
"# truncate -s 20G /jails/bhyve/vms/bhyvevm0\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1838
msgid ""
"Download a FreeBSD image, preferably a version equal to or older than the "
"host and extract it into the jail directory:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1844
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# cd /jails\n"
"# fetch -o base.txz http://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/amd64/13.2-RELEASE/base.txz\n"
"# tar -C /jails/bhyve -xvf base.txz\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1849
msgid ""
"Running a higher FreeBSD version in a jail than the host is unsupported "
"(i.e. running 14.0-RELEASE in a jail, embedded in a 13.2-RELEASE host)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1852
msgid "Next, add a devfs ruleset to [.filename]#/etc/devfs.rules#:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1876
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"[devfsrules_jail_bhyve=100]\n"
"add include $devfsrules_hide_all\n"
"add include $devfsrules_unhide_login\n"
"add path 'urandom' unhide\n"
"add path 'random' unhide\n"
"add path 'crypto' unhide\n"
"add path 'shm' unhide\n"
"add path 'zero' unhide\n"
"add path 'null' unhide\n"
"add path 'mem' unhide\n"
"add path 'vmm' unhide\n"
"add path 'vmm/*' unhide\n"
"add path 'vmm.io' unhide\n"
"add path 'vmm.io/*' unhide\n"
"add path 'nmdmbhyve*' unhide\n"
"add path 'zvol' unhide\n"
"add path 'zvol/zroot' unhide\n"
"add path 'zvol/zroot/vms' unhide\n"
"add path 'zvol/zroot/vms/bhyvevm0' unhide\n"
"add path 'zvol/zroot/vms/bhyvevm1' unhide\n"
"add path 'tap10*' unhide\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1881
msgid ""
"If there's another devfs rule with the numeric ID 100 in the [.filename]#/"
"etc/devfs.rules# file, replace the one in the listing with another yet "
"unused ID number."
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1886
msgid ""
"If not using a ZFS filesystem, skip the related zvol rules in [.filename]#/"
"etc/devfs.rules#:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1894
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"add path 'zvol' unhide\n"
"add path 'zvol/zroot' unhide\n"
"add path 'zvol/zroot/vms' unhide\n"
"add path 'zvol/zroot/vms/bhyvevm0' unhide\n"
"add path 'zvol/zroot/vms/bhyvevm1' unhide\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1898
msgid "These rules will cause bhyve to"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1900
msgid ""
"create a virtual machine with disk volumes called `bhyvevm0` and `bhyvevm1`,"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1902
msgid ""
"use [.filename]#tap# network interfaces with the name prefix `tap10`.  That "
"means, valid interface names will be `tap10`, `tap100`, `tap101`, ... "
"`tap109`, `tap1000` and so on."
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1904
msgid ""
"Limiting the access to a subset of possible [.filename]#tap# interface names "
"will prevent the jail (and thus bhyve) from seeing [.filename]#tap# "
"interfaces of the host and other jails."
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1905
msgid ""
"use [.filename]#nmdm# devices prefixed with \"bhyve\", i.e. [.filename]#/dev/"
"nmdmbhyve0#."
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1907
msgid ""
"Those rules can be expanded and varied with different guest and interface "
"names as desired."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1912
msgid ""
"When intending to use bhyve on the host as well as in a one or more jails, "
"remember that [.filename]#tap# and [.filename]#nmdm# interface names will "
"operate in a shared environment.  For example, use [.filename]#/dev/"
"nmdmbhyve0# only either for bhyve on the host or in a jail."
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1915
msgid "Restart devfs for the changes to be loaded:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1923
msgid ""
"Then add a definition for the new jail into [.filename]#/etc/jail.conf# or "
"[.filename]#/etc/jail.conf.d#.  Replace the interface number "
"[.filename]#$if# and IP address with personal variations."
msgstr ""

#. type: Block title
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1924
#, no-wrap
msgid "Using NAT or routed traffic with a firewall"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1937
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"bhyve {\n"
"        $if = 0;\n"
"        exec.prestart = \"/sbin/ifconfig epair${if} create up\";\n"
"        exec.prestart += \"/sbin/ifconfig epair${if}a up\";\n"
"        exec.prestart += \"/sbin/ifconfig epair${if}a name ${name}0\";\n"
"        exec.prestart += \"/sbin/ifconfig epair${if}b name jail${if}\";\n"
"        exec.prestart += \"/sbin/ifconfig ${name}0 inet 192.168.168.1/27\";\n"
"        exec.prestart += \"/sbin/sysctl net.inet.ip.forwarding=1\";\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1939
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1976
#, no-wrap
msgid "        exec.clean;\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1948
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1985
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"        host.hostname = \"the-hostname-here\";\n"
"        vnet;\n"
"        vnet.interface = \"jail${if}\";\n"
"        path = \"/jails/${name}\";\n"
"        persist;\n"
"        securelevel = 3;\n"
"        devfs_ruleset = 100;\n"
"        mount.devfs;\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1950
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1987
#, no-wrap
msgid "        allow.vmm;\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1953
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1990
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"        exec.start += \"/bin/sh /etc/rc\";\n"
"        exec.stop = \"/bin/sh /etc/rc.shutdown\";\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1956
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1993
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"        exec.poststop += \"/sbin/ifconfig ${name}0 destroy\";\n"
"}\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1960
msgid ""
"This example assumes use of a firewall like `pf` or `ipfw` to NAT the jail "
"traffic.  See the crossref:firewalls[,Firewalls] chapter for more details on "
"the available options to implement this."
msgstr ""

#. type: Block title
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1961
#, no-wrap
msgid "Using a bridged network connection"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1974
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"bhyve {\n"
"        $if = 0;\n"
"        exec.prestart = \"/sbin/ifconfig epair${if} create up\";\n"
"        exec.prestart += \"/sbin/ifconfig epair${if}a up\";\n"
"        exec.prestart += \"/sbin/ifconfig epair${if}a name ${name}0\";\n"
"        exec.prestart += \"/sbin/ifconfig epair${if}b name jail${if}\";\n"
"        exec.prestart += \"/sbin/ifconfig bridge0 addm ${name}0\";\n"
"        exec.prestart += \"/sbin/sysctl net.inet.ip.forwarding=1\";\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:1999
msgid ""
"Having previously replaced the devfs ruleset ID 100 in [.filename]#/etc/"
"devfs.rules# with a custom unique number, remember to replace the numeric ID "
"also in the [.filename]#jails.conf# too."
msgstr ""

#. type: Title ====
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2002
#, no-wrap
msgid "Configuring the Jail"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2005
msgid ""
"To start the jail for the first time and do some additional configuration "
"work, enter:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2016
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# cp /etc/resolv.conf /jails/bhyve/etc\n"
"# service jail onestart bhyve\n"
"# jexec bhyve\n"
"# sysrc ifconfig_jail0=\"inet 192.168.168.2/27\"\n"
"# sysrc defaultrouter=\"192.168.168.1\"\n"
"# sysrc sendmail_enable=NONE\n"
"# sysrc cloned_interfaces=\"tap100\"\n"
"# exit\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2019
msgid "Restart and enable the jail:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2024
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# sysrc jail_enable=YES\n"
"# service jail restart bhyve\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2028
msgid ""
"Afterwards, create a virtual machine within the jail.  For a FreeBSD guest, "
"download an installation ISO first:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2034
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# jexec bhyve\n"
"# cd /vms\n"
"# fetch -o freebsd.iso https://download.freebsd.org/releases/ISO-IMAGES/14.0/FreeBSD-14.0-RELEASE-amd64-bootonly.iso\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Title ====
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2037
#, no-wrap
msgid "Creating a Virtual Machine Inside the Jail"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2040
msgid "To create a virtual machine, use `bhyvectl` to initialize it first:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2045
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# jexec bhyve\n"
"# bhyvectl --create --vm=bhyvevm0\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2051
msgid ""
"Creating the guest with `bhyvectl` may be required when initiating the "
"virtual machine from a jail.  Skipping this step may cause the following "
"error message when starting `bhyve`:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2053
msgid "`vm_open: vm-name could not be opened. No such file or directory`"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2056
msgid "Finally, use the preferred way of starting the guest."
msgstr ""

#. type: Block title
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2057
#, no-wrap
msgid "Starting with `vmrun.sh` and ZFS"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2061
msgid "Using `vmrun.sh` on a ZFS filesystems:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2067
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# jexec bhyve\n"
"# sh /usr/share/examples/bhyve/vmrun.sh -c 1 -m 1024M \\\n"
"     -t tap100 -d /dev/zvol/zroot/vms/bhyvevm0 -i -I /vms/FreeBSD-14.0-RELEASE-amd64-bootonly.iso bhyvevm0\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Block title
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2070
#, no-wrap
msgid "Starting with `vmrun.sh` and UFS"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2074
msgid "Using `vmrun.sh` on a UFS filesystem:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2080
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# jexec bhyve\n"
"# sh /usr/share/examples/bhyve/vmrun.sh -c 1 -m 1024M \\\n"
"     -t tap100 -d /vms/bhyvevm0 -i -I /vms/FreeBSD-14.0-RELEASE-amd64-bootonly.iso bhyvevm0\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Block title
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2083
#, no-wrap
msgid "Starting bhyve for an UEFI guest with ZFS"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2087
msgid ""
"When wanting to use an UEFI guest, remember to first install the required "
"firmware package package:sysutils/bhyve-firmware[] in the jail:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2091
#, no-wrap
msgid "# pkg -j bhyve install bhyve-firmware\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2094
msgid "Then use `bhyve` directly:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2107
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# bhyve -A -c 4 -D -H -m 2G \\\n"
"        -s 0,hostbridge \\\n"
"        -s 1,lpc \\\n"
"        -s 2,virtio-net,tap100 \\\n"
"        -s 3,virtio-blk,/dev/zvol/zroot/vms/bhyvevm0 \\\n"
"\t-s 4,ahci-cd,/vms/FreeBSD-14.0-RELEASE-amd64-bootonly.iso \\\n"
"        -s 31,fbuf,tcp=127.0.0.1:5900,w=1024,h=800,tablet \\\n"
"        -l bootrom,/usr/local/share/uefi-firmware/BHYVE_UEFI.fd \\\n"
"        -l com1,/dev/nmdbbhyve0A \\\n"
"        bhyvevm0\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2110
msgid ""
"This allows connecting to the virtual machine `bhyvevm0` through VNC as well "
"as a serial console at [.filename]#/dev/nmdbbhyve0B#."
msgstr ""

#. type: Title ===
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2113
#, no-wrap
msgid "Virtual Machine Consoles"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2120
msgid ""
"It is advantageous to wrap the bhyve console in a session management tool "
"such as package:sysutils/tmux[] or package:sysutils/screen[] in order to "
"detach and reattach to the console.  It is also possible to have the console "
"of bhyve be a null modem device that can be accessed with `cu`.  To do this, "
"load the [.filename]#nmdm# kernel module and replace `-l com1,stdio` with `-"
"l com1,/dev/nmdm0A`.  The [.filename]#/dev/nmdm# devices are created "
"automatically as needed, where each is a pair, corresponding to the two ends "
"of the null modem cable ([.filename]#/dev/nmdm0A# and [.filename]#/dev/"
"nmdm0B#).  See man:nmdm[4] for more information."
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2128
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# kldload nmdm\n"
"# bhyve -A -H -P -s 0:0,hostbridge -s 1:0,lpc -s 2:0,virtio-net,tap0 -s 3:0,virtio-blk,./linux.img \\\n"
"    -l com1,/dev/nmdm0A -c 4 -m 1024M linuxguest\n"
"# cu -l /dev/nmdm0B\n"
"Connected\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2130
#, no-wrap
msgid "Ubuntu 13.10 handbook ttyS0\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2132
#, no-wrap
msgid "handbook login:\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2138
msgid ""
"To disconnect from a console, enter a newline (i.e. press `RETURN`) followed "
"by tilde (`~`), and finally dot (`.`).  Keep in mind that only the "
"connection is dropped while the login session remains active.  Another user "
"connecting to the same console could therefore make use of any active "
"sessions without having to first authenticate.  For security reasons, it's "
"therefore recommended to logout before disconnecting."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2143
msgid ""
"The number in the [.filename]#nmdm# device path must be unique for each "
"virtual machine and must not be used by any other processes before bhyve "
"starts.  The number can be chosen arbitrarily and does not need to be taken "
"from a consecutive sequence of numbers.  The device node pair (i.e. "
"[.filename]#/dev/nmdm0a# and [.filename]#/dev/nmdm0b#) are created "
"dynamically when bhyve connects its console and destroyed when it shuts "
"down.  Keep this in mind when creating scripts to start the virtual "
"machines: make sure that all virtual machines are assigned unique "
"[.filename]#nmdm# devices."
msgstr ""

#. type: Title ===
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2145
#, no-wrap
msgid "Managing Virtual Machines"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2149
msgid ""
"A device node is created in [.filename]#/dev/vmm# for each virtual machine.  "
"This allows the administrator to easily see a list of the running virtual "
"machines:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2159
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# ls -al /dev/vmm\n"
"total 1\n"
"dr-xr-xr-x   2 root  wheel    512 Mar 17 12:19 ./\n"
"dr-xr-xr-x  14 root  wheel    512 Mar 17 06:38 ../\n"
"crw-------   1 root  wheel  0x1a2 Mar 17 12:20 guestname\n"
"crw-------   1 root  wheel  0x19f Mar 17 12:19 linuxguest\n"
"crw-------   1 root  wheel  0x1a1 Mar 17 12:19 otherguest\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2162
msgid "A specified virtual machine can be destroyed using `bhyvectl`:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2166
#, no-wrap
msgid "# bhyvectl --destroy --vm=guestname\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2170
msgid ""
"Destroying a virtual machine this way means killing it immediately. Any "
"unsaved data will be lost, open files and filesystems may get corrupted.  To "
"gracefully shut down a virtual machine, send a `TERM` signal to its bhyve "
"process instead. This triggers an ACPI shutdown event for the guest:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2176
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# ps ax | grep bhyve\n"
"17424  -  SC      56:48.27 bhyve: guestvm (bhyve)\n"
"# kill 17424\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Title ===
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2179
#, no-wrap
msgid "Tools and Utilities"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2182
msgid ""
"There are numerous utilities and applications available in ports to help "
"simplify setting up and managing bhyve virtual machines:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Block title
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2183
#, no-wrap
msgid "bhyve Managers"
msgstr ""

#. type: Table
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2186
#, no-wrap
msgid "Name"
msgstr ""

#. type: Table
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2186
#, no-wrap
msgid "License"
msgstr ""

#. type: Table
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2186
#, no-wrap
msgid "Package"
msgstr ""

#. type: Table
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2188
#, no-wrap
msgid "Documentation"
msgstr ""

#. type: Table
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2189
#, no-wrap
msgid "vm-bhyve"
msgstr ""

#. type: Table
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2190
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2195
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2210
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2215
#, no-wrap
msgid "BSD-2"
msgstr ""

#. type: Table
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2191
#, no-wrap
msgid "package:sysutils/vm-bhyve[]"
msgstr ""

#. type: Table
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2193
#, no-wrap
msgid "link:https://github.com/churchers/vm-bhyve[Documentation]"
msgstr ""

#. type: Table
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2194
#, no-wrap
msgid "CBSD"
msgstr ""

#. type: Table
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2196
#, no-wrap
msgid "package:sysutils/cbsd[]"
msgstr ""

#. type: Table
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2198
#, no-wrap
msgid "link:https://github.com/cbsd/cbsd/tree/develop/share/docs[Documentation]"
msgstr ""

#. type: Table
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2199
#, no-wrap
msgid "Virt-Manager"
msgstr ""

#. type: Table
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2200
#, no-wrap
msgid "LGPL-3"
msgstr ""

#. type: Table
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2201
#, no-wrap
msgid "package:deskutils/virt-manager[]"
msgstr ""

#. type: Table
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2203
#, no-wrap
msgid "link:https://virt-manager.org/[Documentation]"
msgstr ""

#. type: Table
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2204
#, no-wrap
msgid "Bhyve RC Script"
msgstr ""

#. type: Table
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2205
#, no-wrap
msgid "Unknown"
msgstr ""

#. type: Table
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2206
#, no-wrap
msgid "package:sysutils/bhyve-rc[]"
msgstr ""

#. type: Table
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2208
#, no-wrap
msgid "link:https://www.freshports.org/sysutils/bhyve-rc/[Documentation]"
msgstr ""

#. type: Table
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2209
#, no-wrap
msgid "bmd"
msgstr ""

#. type: Table
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2211
#, no-wrap
msgid "package:sysutils/bmd[]"
msgstr ""

#. type: Table
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2213
#, no-wrap
msgid "link:https://github.com/yuichiro-naito/bmd[Documentation]"
msgstr ""

#. type: Table
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2214
#, no-wrap
msgid "vmstated"
msgstr ""

#. type: Table
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2216
#, no-wrap
msgid "package:sysutils/vmstated[]"
msgstr ""

#. type: Table
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2218
#, no-wrap
msgid "link:https://github.com/christian-moerz/vmstated[Documentation]"
msgstr ""

#. type: Title ===
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2221
#, no-wrap
msgid "Persistent Configuration"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2224
msgid ""
"In order to configure the system to start bhyve guests at boot time, some "
"configuration file changes are required."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2227
msgid "[.filename]#/etc/sysctl.conf#"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2229
msgid ""
"When using [.filename]#tap# interfaces as network backend, either manually "
"set each used [.filename]#tap# interface to UP or simply set the following "
"sysctl:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2233
#, no-wrap
msgid "net.link.tap.up_on_open=1\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2236
msgid "[.filename]#/etc/rc.conf#"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2240
msgid ""
"To connect the virtual machine's [.filename]#tap# device to the network via "
"a [.filename]#bridge#, persisting the device settings in [.filename]#/etc/"
"rc.conf# is needed.  Additionally, load the necessary kernel modules `vmm` "
"for bhyve and `nmdm` for [.filename]#nmdm# devices through the `kld_list` "
"configuration variable.  When configuring `ifconfig_bridge0`, make sure to "
"replace `<ipaddr>/<netmask>` with the actual IP address of the physical "
"interface ([.filename]#igb0# in this example) and remove IP settings from "
"the physical device."
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2247
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# sysrc cloned_interfaces+=\"bridge0 tap0\"\n"
"# sysrc ifconfig_bridge0=\"inet <ipaddr>/<netmask> addm igb0 addm tap0\"\n"
"# sysrc kld_list+=\"nmdm vmm\"\n"
"# sysrc ifconfig_igb0=\"up\"\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Block title
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2250
#, no-wrap
msgid "Setting the IP for a bridge device"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2254
msgid ""
"For a host with an _igb0_ interface connected to the network with IP "
"`10.10.10.1` and netmask `255.255.255.0`, use the following commands:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2261
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# sysrc ifconfig_igb0=\"up\"\n"
"# sysrc ifconfig_bridge0=\"inet 10.10.10.1/24 addm igb0 addm tap0\"\n"
"# sysrc kld_list+=\"nmdm vmm\"\n"
"# sysrc cloned_interfaces+=\"bridge0 tap0\"\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2268
msgid ""
"Modifying the IP address configuration of a system may terminate the current "
"remote connection (e.g., via SSH), causing a lock out.  Take precautions to "
"maintain system access or make those modifications while logged in on a "
"local terminal session."
msgstr ""

#. type: Title ==
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2271
#, no-wrap
msgid "FreeBSD as a Xen(TM)-Host"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2276
msgid ""
"Xen is a GPLv2-licensed https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/"
"Hypervisor#Classification[type 1 hypervisor] for Intel(R) and ARM(R) "
"architectures.  FreeBSD has included i386(TM) and AMD(R) 64-Bit https://"
"wiki.xenproject.org/wiki/DomU[DomU] and https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/"
"Amazon_Elastic_Compute_Cloud[Amazon EC2] unprivileged domain (virtual "
"machine) support since FreeBSD 8.0 and includes Dom0 control domain (host) "
"support in FreeBSD 11.0.  Support for para-virtualized (PV) domains has been "
"removed from FreeBSD 11 in favor of hardware virtualized (HVM) domains, "
"which provides better performance."
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2284
msgid ""
"Xen(TM) is a bare-metal hypervisor, which means that it is the first program "
"loaded after the BIOS.  A special privileged guest called the Domain-0 "
"(`Dom0` for short) is then started.  The Dom0 uses its special privileges to "
"directly access the underlying physical hardware, making it a high-"
"performance solution.  It is able to access the disk controllers and network "
"adapters directly.  The Xen(TM) management tools to manage and control the "
"Xen(TM) hypervisor are also used by the Dom0 to create, list, and destroy "
"VMs.  Dom0 provides virtual disks and networking for unprivileged domains, "
"often called `DomU`.  Xen(TM) Dom0 can be compared to the service console of "
"other hypervisor solutions, while the DomU is where individual guest VMs are "
"run."
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2291
msgid ""
"Xen(TM) can migrate VMs between different Xen(TM) servers.  When the two xen "
"hosts share the same underlying storage, the migration can be done without "
"having to shut the VM down first.  Instead, the migration is performed live "
"while the DomU is running and there is no need to restart it or plan a "
"downtime.  This is useful in maintenance scenarios or upgrade windows to "
"ensure that the services provided by the DomU are still provided.  Many more "
"features of Xen(TM) are listed on the https://wiki.xenproject.org/wiki/"
"Category:Overview[Xen Wiki Overview page].  Note that not all features are "
"supported on FreeBSD yet."
msgstr ""

#. type: Title ===
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2293
#, no-wrap
msgid "Hardware Requirements for Xen(TM) Dom0"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2297
msgid ""
"To run the Xen(TM) hypervisor on a host, certain hardware functionality is "
"required.  Running FreeBSD as a Xen host (Dom0) require Intel Extended Page "
"Tables (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extended_Page_Table[EPT]) or AMD "
"Nested Page Tables (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/"
"Rapid_Virtualization_Indexing[NPT]) and Input/Output Memory Management Unit "
"(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_IOMMU-supporting_hardware[IOMMU]) "
"support in the host processor."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2302
msgid ""
"In order to run a FreeBSD 13 Xen(TM) Dom0 the box must be booted using "
"legacy boot (BIOS).  FreeBSD 14 and newer supports booting as a Xen(TM) Dom0 "
"in both BIOS and UEFI modes."
msgstr ""

#. type: Title ===
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2305
#, no-wrap
msgid "Xen(TM) Dom0 Control Domain Setup"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2308
msgid ""
"Users should install the package:emulators/xen-kernel[] and package:sysutils/"
"xen-tools[] packages, based on Xen(TM) 4.18."
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2312
msgid ""
"Configuration files must be edited to prepare the host for the Dom0 "
"integration after the Xen packages are installed.  An entry to [.filename]#/"
"etc/sysctl.conf# disables the limit on how many pages of memory are allowed "
"to be wired.  Otherwise, DomU VMs with higher memory requirements will not "
"run."
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2316
#, no-wrap
msgid "# echo 'vm.max_wired=-1' >> /etc/sysctl.conf\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2322
msgid ""
"Another memory-related setting involves changing [.filename]#/etc/"
"login.conf#, setting the `memorylocked` option to `unlimited`.  Otherwise, "
"creating DomU domains may fail with `Cannot allocate memory` errors.  After "
"making the change to [.filename]#/etc/login.conf#, run `cap_mkdb` to update "
"the capability database.  See crossref:security[security-resourcelimits,"
"\"Resource Limits\"] for details."
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2327
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# sed -i '' -e 's/memorylocked=64K/memorylocked=unlimited/' /etc/login.conf\n"
"# cap_mkdb /etc/login.conf\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2330
msgid "Add an entry for the Xen(TM) console to [.filename]#/etc/ttys#:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2334
#, no-wrap
msgid "# echo 'xc0     \"/usr/libexec/getty Pc\"         xterm   onifconsole  secure' >> /etc/ttys\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2341
msgid ""
"Selecting a Xen(TM) kernel in [.filename]#/boot/loader.conf# activates the "
"Dom0.  Xen(TM) also requires resources like CPU and memory from the host "
"machine for itself and other DomU domains.  How much CPU and memory depends "
"on the individual requirements and hardware capabilities.  In this example, "
"8 GB of memory and 4 virtual CPUs are made available for the Dom0.  The "
"serial console is also activated, and logging options are defined."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2343
msgid "The following command is used for Xen 4.7 packages:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2350
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# echo 'hw.pci.mcfg=0' >> /boot/loader.conf\n"
"# echo 'if_tap_load=\"YES\"' >> /boot/loader.conf\n"
"# echo 'xen_kernel=\"/boot/xen\"' >> /boot/loader.conf\n"
"# echo 'xen_cmdline=\"dom0_mem=8192M dom0_max_vcpus=4 dom0pvh=1 console=com1,vga com1=115200,8n1 guest_loglvl=all loglvl=all\"' >> /boot/loader.conf\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2353
msgid ""
"For Xen versions 4.11 and higher, the following command should be used "
"instead:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2359
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# echo 'if_tap_load=\"YES\"' >> /boot/loader.conf\n"
"# echo 'xen_kernel=\"/boot/xen\"' >> /boot/loader.conf\n"
"# echo 'xen_cmdline=\"dom0_mem=8192M dom0_max_vcpus=4 dom0=pvh console=com1,vga com1=115200,8n1 guest_loglvl=all loglvl=all\"' >> /boot/loader.conf\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2366
msgid ""
"Log files that Xen(TM) creates for the DomU VMs are stored in [.filename]#/"
"var/log/xen#.  Please be sure to check the contents of that directory if "
"experiencing issues."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2369
msgid "Activate the xencommons service during system startup:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2373
#, no-wrap
msgid "# sysrc xencommons_enable=yes\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2379
msgid ""
"These settings are enough to start a Dom0-enabled system.  However, it lacks "
"network functionality for the DomU machines.  To fix that, define a bridged "
"interface with the main NIC of the system which the DomU VMs can use to "
"connect to the network.  Replace _em0_ with the host network interface name."
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2385
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# sysrc cloned_interfaces=\"bridge0\"\n"
"# sysrc ifconfig_bridge0=\"addm em0 SYNCDHCP\"\n"
"# sysrc ifconfig_em0=\"up\"\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2388
msgid "Restart the host to load the Xen(TM) kernel and start the Dom0."
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2392
#, no-wrap
msgid "# reboot\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2395
msgid ""
"After successfully booting the Xen(TM) kernel and logging into the system "
"again, the Xen(TM) management tool `xl` is used to show information about "
"the domains."
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2401
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# xl list\n"
"Name                                        ID   Mem VCPUs      State   Time(s)\n"
"Domain-0                                     0  8192     4     r-----     962.0\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2407
msgid ""
"The output confirms that the Dom0 (called `Domain-0`) has the ID `0` and is "
"running.  It also has the memory and virtual CPUs that were defined in "
"[.filename]#/boot/loader.conf# earlier.  More information can be found in "
"the https://www.xenproject.org/help/documentation.html[Xen(TM) "
"Documentation].  DomU guest VMs can now be created."
msgstr ""

#. type: Title ===
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2409
#, no-wrap
msgid "Xen(TM) DomU Guest VM Configuration"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2416
msgid ""
"Unprivileged domains consist of a configuration file and virtual or physical "
"hard disks.  Virtual disk storage for the DomU can be files created by "
"man:truncate[1] or ZFS volumes as described in crossref:zfs[zfs-zfs-"
"volume,“Creating and Destroying Volumes”].  In this example, a 20 GB volume "
"is used.  A VM is created with the ZFS volume, a FreeBSD ISO image, 1 GB of "
"RAM and two virtual CPUs.  The ISO installation file is retrieved with "
"man:fetch[1] and saved locally in a file called [.filename]#freebsd.iso#."
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2420
#, no-wrap
msgid "# fetch https://download.freebsd.org/releases/ISO-IMAGES/14.0/FreeBSD-14.0-RELEASE-amd64-bootonly.iso -o freebsd.iso\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2423
msgid ""
"A ZFS volume of 20 GB called [.filename]#xendisk0# is created to serve as "
"the disk space for the VM."
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2427
#, no-wrap
msgid "# zfs create -V20G -o volmode=dev zroot/xendisk0\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2432
msgid ""
"The new DomU guest VM is defined in a file.  Some specific definitions like "
"name, keymap, and VNC connection details are also defined.  The following "
"[.filename]#freebsd.cfg# contains a minimum DomU configuration for this "
"example:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2449
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# cat freebsd.cfg\n"
"builder = \"hvm\" <.>\n"
"name = \"freebsd\" <.>\n"
"memory = 1024 <.>\n"
"vcpus = 2 <.>\n"
"vif = [ 'mac=00:16:3E:74:34:32,bridge=bridge0' ] <.>\n"
"disk = [\n"
"'/dev/zvol/tank/xendisk0,raw,hda,rw', <.>\n"
"'/root/freebsd.iso,raw,hdc:cdrom,r' <.>\n"
"  ]\n"
"vnc = 1 <.>\n"
"vnclisten = \"0.0.0.0\"\n"
"serial = \"pty\"\n"
"usbdevice = \"tablet\"\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2452
msgid "These lines are explained in more detail:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2454
msgid ""
"This defines what kind of virtualization to use. `hvm` refers to hardware-"
"assisted virtualization or hardware virtual machine. Guest operating systems "
"can run unmodified on CPUs with virtualization extensions, providing nearly "
"the same performance as running on physical hardware. `generic` is the "
"default value and creates a PV domain."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2455
msgid ""
"Name of this virtual machine to distinguish it from others running on the "
"same Dom0. Required."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2456
msgid ""
"Quantity of RAM in megabytes to make available to the VM. This amount is "
"subtracted from the hypervisor's total available memory, not the memory of "
"the Dom0."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2457
msgid ""
"Number of virtual CPUs available to the guest VM. For best performance, do "
"not create guests with more virtual CPUs than the number of physical CPUs on "
"the host."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2458
msgid ""
"Virtual network adapter. This is the bridge connected to the network "
"interface of the host. The `mac` parameter is the MAC address set on the "
"virtual network interface. This parameter is optional, if no MAC is provided "
"Xen(TM) will generate a random one."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2459
msgid ""
"Full path to the disk, file, or ZFS volume of the disk storage for this VM. "
"Options and multiple disk definitions are separated by commas."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2460
msgid ""
"Defines the Boot medium from which the initial operating system is "
"installed. In this example, it is the ISO image downloaded earlier. Consult "
"the Xen(TM) documentation for other kinds of devices and options to set."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2461
msgid ""
"Options controlling VNC connectivity to the serial console of the DomU. In "
"order, these are: active VNC support, define IP address on which to listen, "
"device node for the serial console, and the input method for precise "
"positioning of the mouse and other input methods. `keymap` defines which "
"keymap to use, and is `english` by default."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2463
msgid ""
"After the file has been created with all the necessary options, the DomU is "
"created by passing it to `xl create` as a parameter."
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2467
#, no-wrap
msgid "# xl create freebsd.cfg\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2476
msgid ""
"Each time the Dom0 is restarted, the configuration file must be passed to "
"`xl create` again to re-create the DomU.  By default, only the Dom0 is "
"created after a reboot, not the individual VMs.  The VMs can continue where "
"they left off as they stored the operating system on the virtual disk.  The "
"virtual machine configuration can change over time (for example, when adding "
"more memory).  The virtual machine configuration files must be properly "
"backed up and kept available to be able to re-create the guest VM when "
"needed."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2479
msgid "The output of `xl list` confirms that the DomU has been created."
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2486
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# xl list\n"
"Name                                        ID   Mem VCPUs      State   Time(s)\n"
"Domain-0                                     0  8192     4     r-----  1653.4\n"
"freebsd                                      1  1024     1     -b----   663.9\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2493
msgid ""
"To begin the installation of the base operating system, start the VNC "
"client, directing it to the main network address of the host or to the IP "
"address defined on the `vnclisten` line of [.filename]#freebsd.cfg#.  After "
"the operating system has been installed, shut down the DomU and disconnect "
"the VNC viewer.  Edit [.filename]#freebsd.cfg#, removing the line with the "
"`cdrom` definition or commenting it out by inserting a `+#+` character at "
"the beginning of the line.  To load this new configuration, it is necessary "
"to remove the old DomU with `xl destroy`, passing either the name or the id "
"as the parameter.  Afterwards, recreate it using the modified "
"[.filename]*freebsd.cfg*."
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2498
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# xl destroy freebsd\n"
"# xl create freebsd.cfg\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2502
msgid ""
"The machine can then be accessed again using the VNC viewer.  This time, it "
"will boot from the virtual disk where the operating system has been "
"installed and can be used as a virtual machine."
msgstr ""

#. type: Title ===
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2504
#, no-wrap
msgid "Troubleshooting"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2507
msgid ""
"This section contains basic information in order to help troubleshoot issues "
"found when using FreeBSD as a Xen(TM) host or guest."
msgstr ""

#. type: Title ====
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2509
#, no-wrap
msgid "Host Boot Troubleshooting"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2513
msgid ""
"Please note that the following troubleshooting tips are intended for Xen(TM) "
"4.11 or newer.  When still using Xen(TM) 4.7 and having issues, consider "
"migrating to a newer version of Xen(TM)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2517
msgid ""
"In order to troubleshoot host boot issues, a serial cable or a debug USB "
"cable is needed.  Verbose Xen(TM) boot output can be obtained by adding "
"options to the `xen_cmdline` option found in [.filename]#loader.conf#.  A "
"couple of relevant debug options are:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2519
msgid ""
"`iommu=debug`: can be used to print additional diagnostic information about "
"the iommu."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2520
msgid ""
"`dom0=verbose`: can be used to print additional diagnostic information about "
"the dom0 build process."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2521
msgid ""
"`sync_console`: flag to force synchronous console output. Useful for "
"debugging to avoid losing messages due to rate limiting. Never use this "
"option in production environments since it can allow malicious guests to "
"perform DoS attacks against Xen(TM) using the console."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2524
msgid ""
"FreeBSD should also be booted in verbose mode in order to identify any "
"issues.  To activate verbose booting, run this command:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2528
#, no-wrap
msgid "# echo 'boot_verbose=\"YES\"' >> /boot/loader.conf\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2531
msgid ""
"If none of these options help solving the problem, please send the serial "
"boot log to mailto:freebsd-xen@FreeBSD.org[freebsd-xen@FreeBSD.org] and "
"mailto:xen-devel@lists.xenproject.org[xen-devel@lists.xenproject.org] for "
"further analysis."
msgstr ""

#. type: Title ====
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2533
#, no-wrap
msgid "Guest Creation Troubleshooting"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2536
msgid ""
"Issues can also arise when creating guests, the following attempts to "
"provide some help for those trying to diagnose guest creation issues."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2539
msgid ""
"The most common cause of guest creation failures is the `xl` command "
"spitting some error and exiting with a return code different than 0.  If the "
"error provided is not enough to help identify the issue, more verbose output "
"can also be obtained from `xl` by using the `v` option repeatedly."
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2555
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# xl -vvv create freebsd.cfg\n"
"Parsing config from freebsd.cfg\n"
"libxl: debug: libxl_create.c:1693:do_domain_create: Domain 0:ao 0x800d750a0: create: how=0x0 callback=0x0 poller=0x800d6f0f0\n"
"libxl: debug: libxl_device.c:397:libxl__device_disk_set_backend: Disk vdev=xvda spec.backend=unknown\n"
"libxl: debug: libxl_device.c:432:libxl__device_disk_set_backend: Disk vdev=xvda, using backend phy\n"
"libxl: debug: libxl_create.c:1018:initiate_domain_create: Domain 1:running bootloader\n"
"libxl: debug: libxl_bootloader.c:328:libxl__bootloader_run: Domain 1:not a PV/PVH domain, skipping bootloader\n"
"libxl: debug: libxl_event.c:689:libxl__ev_xswatch_deregister: watch w=0x800d96b98: deregister unregistered\n"
"domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_allocate: cmdline=\"\", features=\"\"\n"
"domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_kernel_file: filename=\"/usr/local/lib/xen/boot/hvmloader\"\n"
"domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_malloc_filemap    : 326 kB\n"
"libxl: debug: libxl_dom.c:988:libxl__load_hvm_firmware_module: Loading BIOS: /usr/local/share/seabios/bios.bin\n"
"...\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/virtualization/_index.adoc:2560
msgid ""
"If the verbose output does not help diagnose the issue, there are also QEMU "
"and Xen(TM) toolstack logs in [.filename]#/var/log/xen#.  Note that the name "
"of the domain is appended to the log name, so if the domain is named "
"`freebsd` find a [.filename]#/var/log/xen/xl-freebsd.log# and likely a "
"[.filename]#/var/log/xen/qemu-dm-freebsd.log#.  Both log files can contain "
"useful information for debugging.  If none of this helps solve the issue, "
"please send the description of the issue and as much information as possible "
"to mailto:freebsd-xen@FreeBSD.org[freebsd-xen@FreeBSD.org] and mailto:xen-"
"devel@lists.xenproject.org[xen-devel@lists.xenproject.org] to get help."
msgstr ""