# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE
# Copyright (C) YEAR The FreeBSD Project
# This file is distributed under the same license as the FreeBSD Documentation package.
# FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
#
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: FreeBSD Documentation VERSION\n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-11-08 16:17+0000\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
"Language: \n"
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"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"

#. type: YAML Front Matter: description
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/usb-device-mode/_index.adoc:1
#, no-wrap
msgid "This chapter covers the use of USB Device Mode and USB On The Go (USB OTG) in FreeBSD"
msgstr ""

#. type: YAML Front Matter: part
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/usb-device-mode/_index.adoc:1
#, no-wrap
msgid "Part III. System Administration"
msgstr ""

#. type: YAML Front Matter: title
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/usb-device-mode/_index.adoc:1
#, no-wrap
msgid "Chapter 28. USB Device Mode / USB OTG"
msgstr ""

#. type: Title =
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/usb-device-mode/_index.adoc:15
#, no-wrap
msgid "USB Device Mode / USB OTG"
msgstr ""

#. type: Title ==
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/usb-device-mode/_index.adoc:53
#, no-wrap
msgid "Synopsis"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/usb-device-mode/_index.adoc:57
msgid ""
"This chapter covers the use of USB Device Mode and USB On The Go (USB OTG) "
"in FreeBSD.  This includes virtual serial consoles, virtual network "
"interfaces, and virtual USB drives."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/usb-device-mode/_index.adoc:62
msgid ""
"When running on hardware that supports USB device mode or USB OTG, like that "
"built into many embedded boards, the FreeBSD USB stack can run in _device "
"mode_.  Device mode makes it possible for the computer to present itself as "
"different kinds of USB device classes, including serial ports, network "
"adapters, and mass storage, or a combination thereof.  A USB host like a "
"laptop or desktop computer is able to access them just like physical USB "
"devices.  Device mode is sometimes called the \"USB gadget mode\"."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/usb-device-mode/_index.adoc:68
msgid ""
"There are two basic ways the hardware can provide the device mode "
"functionality: with a separate \"client port\", which only supports the "
"device mode, and with a USB OTG port, which can provide both device and host "
"mode.  For USB OTG ports, the USB stack switches between host-side and "
"device-side automatically, depending on what is connected to the port.  "
"Connecting a USB device like a memory stick to the port causes FreeBSD to "
"switch to host mode.  Connecting a USB host like a computer causes FreeBSD "
"to switch to device mode.  Single purpose \"client ports\" always work in "
"device mode."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/usb-device-mode/_index.adoc:73
msgid ""
"What FreeBSD presents to the USB host depends on the `hw.usb.template` "
"sysctl.  Some templates provide a single device, such as a serial terminal; "
"others provide multiple ones, which can all be used at the same time.  An "
"example is the template 10, which provides a mass storage device, a serial "
"console, and a network interface.  See man:usb_template[4] for the list of "
"available values."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/usb-device-mode/_index.adoc:77
msgid ""
"Note that in some cases, depending on the hardware and the hosts operating "
"system, for the host to notice the configuration change, it must be either "
"physically disconnected and reconnected, or forced to rescan the USB bus in "
"a system-specific way.  When FreeBSD is running on the host, "
"man:usbconfig[8] `reset` can be used.  This also must be done after loading "
"[.filename]#usb_template.ko# if the USB host was already connected to the "
"USBOTG socket."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/usb-device-mode/_index.adoc:79
msgid "Read this chapter to learn:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/usb-device-mode/_index.adoc:81
msgid "How to set up USB Device Mode functionality on FreeBSD."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/usb-device-mode/_index.adoc:82
msgid "How to configure the virtual serial port on FreeBSD."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/usb-device-mode/_index.adoc:83
msgid ""
"How to connect to the virtual serial port from various operating systems."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/usb-device-mode/_index.adoc:84
msgid "How to configure FreeBSD to provide a virtual USB network interface."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/usb-device-mode/_index.adoc:85
msgid "How to configure FreeBSD to provide a virtual USB storage device."
msgstr ""

#. type: Title ==
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/usb-device-mode/_index.adoc:87
#, no-wrap
msgid "USB Virtual Serial Ports"
msgstr ""

#. type: Title ===
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/usb-device-mode/_index.adoc:89
#, no-wrap
msgid "Configuring USB Device Mode Serial Ports"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/usb-device-mode/_index.adoc:95
msgid ""
"Virtual serial port support is provided by templates number 3, 8, and 10.  "
"Note that template 3 works with Microsoft Windows 10 without the need for "
"special drivers and INF files.  Other host operating systems work with all "
"three templates.  Both man:usb_template[4] and man:umodem[4] kernel modules "
"must be loaded."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/usb-device-mode/_index.adoc:97
msgid ""
"To enable USB device mode serial ports, add those lines to [.filename]#/etc/"
"ttys#:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/usb-device-mode/_index.adoc:102
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"ttyU0\t\"/usr/libexec/getty 3wire\"\tvt100\tonifconsole secure\n"
"ttyU1\t\"/usr/libexec/getty 3wire\"\tvt100\tonifconsole secure\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/usb-device-mode/_index.adoc:105
msgid "Then add these lines to [.filename]#/etc/devd.conf#:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/usb-device-mode/_index.adoc:115
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"notify 100 {\n"
"\tmatch \"system\"\t\t\"DEVFS\";\n"
"\tmatch \"subsystem\"\t\"CDEV\";\n"
"\tmatch \"type\"\t\t\"CREATE\";\n"
"\tmatch \"cdev\"\t\t\"ttyU[0-9]+\";\n"
"\taction \"/sbin/init q\";\n"
"};\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/usb-device-mode/_index.adoc:118
msgid "Reload the configuration if man:devd[8] is already running:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/usb-device-mode/_index.adoc:122
#, no-wrap
msgid "# service devd restart\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/usb-device-mode/_index.adoc:125
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/usb-device-mode/_index.adoc:192
msgid ""
"Make sure the necessary modules are loaded and the correct template is set "
"at boot by adding those lines to [.filename]#/boot/loader.conf#, creating it "
"if it does not already exist:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/usb-device-mode/_index.adoc:130
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"umodem_load=\"YES\"\n"
"hw.usb.template=3\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/usb-device-mode/_index.adoc:133
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/usb-device-mode/_index.adoc:200
msgid "To load the module and set the template without rebooting use:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/usb-device-mode/_index.adoc:138
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# kldload umodem\n"
"# sysctl hw.usb.template=3\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Title ===
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/usb-device-mode/_index.adoc:140
#, no-wrap
msgid "Connecting to USB Device Mode Serial Ports from FreeBSD"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/usb-device-mode/_index.adoc:146
msgid ""
"To connect to a board configured to provide USB device mode serial ports, "
"connect the USB host, such as a laptop, to the boards USB OTG or USB client "
"port.  Use `pstat -t` on the host to list the terminal lines.  Near the end "
"of the list a USB serial port is shown, e.g. \"ttyU0\".  To open the "
"connection, use:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/usb-device-mode/_index.adoc:150
#, no-wrap
msgid "# cu -l /dev/ttyU0\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/usb-device-mode/_index.adoc:153
msgid "After pressing the kbd:[Enter] key a few times a login prompt appears."
msgstr ""

#. type: Title ===
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/usb-device-mode/_index.adoc:154
#, no-wrap
msgid "Connecting to USB Device Mode Serial Ports from macOS"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/usb-device-mode/_index.adoc:158
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/usb-device-mode/_index.adoc:168
msgid ""
"To connect to a board configured to provide USB device mode serial ports, "
"connect the USB host, such as a laptop, to the boards USB OTG or USB client "
"port.  To open the connection, use:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/usb-device-mode/_index.adoc:162
#, no-wrap
msgid "# cu -l /dev/cu.usbmodemFreeBSD1\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Title ===
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/usb-device-mode/_index.adoc:164
#, no-wrap
msgid "Connecting to USB Device Mode Serial Ports from Linux"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/usb-device-mode/_index.adoc:172
#, no-wrap
msgid "# minicom -D /dev/ttyACM0\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Title ===
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/usb-device-mode/_index.adoc:174
#, no-wrap
msgid "Connecting to USB Device Mode Serial Ports from Microsoft Windows 10"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/usb-device-mode/_index.adoc:182
msgid ""
"To connect to a board configured to provide USB device mode serial ports, "
"connect the USB host, such as a laptop, to the boards USB OTG or USB client "
"port.  To open a connection a serial terminal program is needed, such as "
"PuTTY.  To check the COM port name used by Windows, run Device Manager, "
"expand \"Ports (COM & LPT)\".  A name similar to \"USB Serial Device "
"(COM4)\" appears.  Run the serial terminal program of choice, for example "
"PuTTY.  In the PuTTY dialog set \"Connection type\" to \"Serial\", type the "
"COMx obtained from Device Manager in the \"Serial line\" dialog box and "
"click Open."
msgstr ""

#. type: Title ==
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/usb-device-mode/_index.adoc:184
#, no-wrap
msgid "USB Device Mode Network Interfaces"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/usb-device-mode/_index.adoc:190
msgid ""
"Virtual network interfaces support is provided by templates number 1, 8, and "
"10.  Note that none of them works with Microsoft Windows.  Other host "
"operating systems work with all three templates.  Both man:usb_template[4] "
"and man:if_cdce[4] kernel modules must be loaded."
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/usb-device-mode/_index.adoc:197
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"if_cdce_load=\"YES\"\n"
"hw.usb.template=1\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/usb-device-mode/_index.adoc:205
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# kldload if_cdce\n"
"# sysctl hw.usb.template=1\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Title ==
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/usb-device-mode/_index.adoc:208
#, no-wrap
msgid "USB Virtual Storage Device"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/usb-device-mode/_index.adoc:213
msgid ""
"The man:cfumass[4] driver is a USB device mode driver first available in "
"FreeBSD 12.0."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/usb-device-mode/_index.adoc:219
msgid ""
"Mass Storage target is provided by templates 0 and 10.  Both "
"man:usb_template[4] and man:cfumass[4] kernel modules must be loaded.  "
"man:cfumass[4] interfaces to the CTL subsystem, the same one that is used "
"for iSCSI or Fibre Channel targets.  On the host side, USB Mass Storage "
"initiators can only access a single LUN, LUN 0."
msgstr ""

#. type: Title ===
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/usb-device-mode/_index.adoc:220
#, no-wrap
msgid "Configuring USB Mass Storage Target Using the cfumass Startup Script"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/usb-device-mode/_index.adoc:224
msgid ""
"The simplest way to set up a read-only USB storage target is to use the "
"[.filename]#cfumass# rc script.  To configure it this way, copy the files to "
"be presented to the USB host machine into the `/var/cfumass` directory, and "
"add this line to [.filename]#/etc/rc.conf#:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/usb-device-mode/_index.adoc:228
#, no-wrap
msgid "cfumass_enable=\"YES\"\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/usb-device-mode/_index.adoc:231
msgid "To configure the target without restarting, run this command:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/usb-device-mode/_index.adoc:235
#, no-wrap
msgid "# service cfumass start\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/usb-device-mode/_index.adoc:240
msgid ""
"Differently from serial and network functionality, the template should not "
"be set to 0 or 10 in [.filename]#/boot/loader.conf#.  This is because the "
"LUN must be set up before setting the template.  The cfumass startup script "
"sets the correct template number automatically when started."
msgstr ""

#. type: Title ===
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/usb-device-mode/_index.adoc:241
#, no-wrap
msgid "Configuring USB Mass Storage Using Other Means"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/usb-device-mode/_index.adoc:245
msgid ""
"The rest of this chapter provides detailed description of setting the target "
"without using the cfumass rc file.  This is necessary if e.g. one wants to "
"provide a writeable LUN."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/usb-device-mode/_index.adoc:251
msgid ""
"USB Mass Storage does not require the man:ctld[8] daemon to be running, "
"although it can be used if desired.  This is different from iSCSI.  Thus, "
"there are two ways to configure the target: man:ctladm[8], or man:ctld[8].  "
"Both require the [.filename]#cfumass.ko# kernel module to be loaded.  The "
"module can be loaded manually:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/usb-device-mode/_index.adoc:255
#, no-wrap
msgid "# kldload cfumass\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/usb-device-mode/_index.adoc:258
msgid ""
"If [.filename]#cfumass.ko# has not been built into the kernel, [.filename]#/"
"boot/loader.conf# can be set to load the module at boot:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/usb-device-mode/_index.adoc:262
#, no-wrap
msgid "cfumass_load=\"YES\"\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/usb-device-mode/_index.adoc:265
msgid "A LUN can be created without the man:ctld[8] daemon:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/usb-device-mode/_index.adoc:269
#, no-wrap
msgid "# ctladm create -b block -o file=/data/target0\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/usb-device-mode/_index.adoc:274
msgid ""
"This presents the contents of the image file [.filename]#/data/target0# as a "
"LUN to the USB host.  The file must exist before executing the command.  To "
"configure the LUN at system startup, add the command to [.filename]#/etc/"
"rc.local#."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/usb-device-mode/_index.adoc:277
msgid ""
"man:ctld[8] can also be used to manage LUNs.  Create [.filename]#/etc/"
"ctl.conf#, add a line to [.filename]#/etc/rc.conf# to make sure man:ctld[8] "
"is automatically started at boot, and then start the daemon."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/usb-device-mode/_index.adoc:280
msgid ""
"This is an example of a simple [.filename]#/etc/ctl.conf# configuration "
"file.  Refer to man:ctl.conf[5] for a complete description of the options."
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/usb-device-mode/_index.adoc:289
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"target naa.50015178f369f092 {\n"
"\tlun 0 {\n"
"\t\tpath /data/target0\n"
"\t\tsize 4G\n"
"\t}\n"
"}\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/usb-device-mode/_index.adoc:296
msgid ""
"The example creates a single target with a single LUN.  The "
"`naa.50015178f369f092` is a device identifier composed of 32 random "
"hexadecimal digits.  The `path` line defines the full path to a file or zvol "
"backing the LUN.  That file must exist before starting man:ctld[8].  The "
"second line is optional and specifies the size of the LUN."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/usb-device-mode/_index.adoc:298
msgid ""
"To make sure the man:ctld[8] daemon is started at boot, add this line to "
"[.filename]#/etc/rc.conf#:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/usb-device-mode/_index.adoc:302
#, no-wrap
msgid "ctld_enable=\"YES\"\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/usb-device-mode/_index.adoc:305
msgid "To start man:ctld[8] now, run this command:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/usb-device-mode/_index.adoc:309
#, no-wrap
msgid "# service ctld start\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/usb-device-mode/_index.adoc:313
msgid ""
"As the man:ctld[8] daemon is started, it reads [.filename]#/etc/ctl.conf#.  "
"If this file is edited after the daemon starts, reload the changes so they "
"take effect immediately:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/usb-device-mode/_index.adoc:317
#, no-wrap
msgid "# service ctld reload\n"
msgstr ""